The POSEIDON Ocean Observing System: Technological Development and Challenges

Ntoumas, Manolis; Perivoliotis, L.; Petihakis, George; Κορρές, Γεράσιμος; Frangoulis, Constantin; Ballas, D.; Pagonis, Paris; Sotiropoulou, Maria; Pettas, Manolis; Bourma, Evi; Christodoulaki, Sylvia; Kassis, Dimitris; Zisis, Nikos; Michelinakis, Spyros; Denaxa, Dimitra; Moira, Antigoni; Mavroudi, Aspasia; Anastasopoulou, Gerasimi; Papapostolou, Athanasia; Oikonomou, Charikleia; Stamataki, Natalia

doi:10.3390/jmse10121932

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 25 publications

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“…To relate our findings with the SAeg, the Mediterranean Sea In Situ Near Real Time Observations product, which contains hydrographic observations from E1-M3A mooring in the Central Cretan Sea [99,100], was downloaded from the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS). The Copernicus Marine Service In Situ Thematic Assembly Centre aggregates and distributes in situ observations from different data providers in a timely fashion and a consistent format after predefined quality control methods have been applied.…”

Section: Hydrographic Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Dense Water Formation in the North–Central Aegean Sea during Winter 2021–2022

Potiris,

Mamoutos,

Tragou

et al. 2024

JMSE

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The evolution and drivers of dense water formation (DWF) in the North–Central Aegean Sea (NCAeg) during winter 2021–2022 are studied using observations from two Argo floats and the output of an operational data-assimilating model. Dense water with σθ>29.1 kgm−3 was produced over most of the NCAeg, except for the northeastern part covered by Black Sea water (BSW), where the maximum surface density was <29 kgm−3. The highest density waters were produced over the central and southern parts of the Lemnos Plateau and in the shallow coastal areas between Chios Island and the Edremit Gulf. Atmospherically driven transformation to the east of Lesvos Island resulted in the production of waters with anomalously high density and salinity, which flowed inside Skiros Basin, thus partly explaining its historically higher density and salinity compared to the rest of the NCAeg subbasins. The Skiros and Athos Basins were ventilated down to σθ∼29.35 kgm−3 horizons. The 29.1 kgm−3 isopycnal rose by ∼200 m, and the 29.25 kgm−3 isopycnal overflowed above the ∼400 m sill depth filling the southern depressions of the NCAeg. Combining data from Argo floats, vessel casts, gliders, and a fixed-point observatory, the dense water produced in the NCAeg was observed spreading in the deep layer of the Central Cretan Sea for at least one and a half years after the formation. The cyclonic circulation of the newly formed water in the NCAeg has been observed directly for the first time using deep-drifting floats. The Eastern Mediterranean warming and salinification signal has propagated below the NCAeg sill depth. The winter average buoyancy loss was comparable to that of the peak of the Eastern Mediterranean transient (EMT) and other known years of DWF in the NCAeg; however, the high temperature of the upper layers due to long-term warming prevented the widespread formation of denser water.

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Section: Hydrographic Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Dense Water Formation in the North–Central Aegean Sea during Winter 2021–2022

Potiris,

Mamoutos,

Tragou

et al. 2024

JMSE

Self Cite

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Dense Water Formation Variability in the Aegean Sea from 1947 to 2023

Potiris,

Mamoutos,

Tragou

et al. 2024

Oceans

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The formation of dense water in the Aegean Sea is important as it affects the deep circulation and the hydrography of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. In this study, the variability of dense water formation is investigated in relation to forcing mechanisms from 1947 to 2023 in the subbasins of the Aegean Sea, utilising in situ observations from various sources, which have been analysed in combination with satellite altimetry and reanalyses products. The analysis reveals that the Aegean Sea has been in a state of increased dense water formation since 2017 due to the combination of increased surface buoyancy loss and reduced Black Sea water inflow. Extremely high salinity has been recorded in the intermediate layers of the Aegean Sea since 2019. The anticyclonic circulation of the North Ionian gyre during 2017 and 2018 probably also contributed to the rapid transport of highly saline waters in the intermediate and, through dense water formation, the deep layers of the Aegean Sea in 2019. Until 2022, the dense waters formed during the peak of the Eastern Mediterranean Transient still occupied the bottom layers of some deep subbasins of the North and South Aegean; however, the 29.4 kg m−3 isopycnal in the North Aegean and the 29.3 kg m−3 isopycnal in the Southeastern Aegean have gradually deepened by 800 m, permitting the waters forming in the last ten years in the Aegean Sea to settle at ever greater depths. Temperature controls the density variability of the Cretan intermediate water up to the decadal time scale. Increased data availability since 2010 was sufficient to clarify that intrusions of dense water from the North–Central Aegean Sea contributed to the erosion of the Eastern Mediterranean transitional waters in the South Aegean Sea after 2017, as well as to raising the intermediate water masses of the South Aegean to shallower depths. The erosion of the transitional Mediterranean waters in the South Aegean Sea between 1947 and 1955 and 1973 and 1980 coincided with increased dense water formation in the North–Central Aegean Sea. During the peak of the Eastern Mediterranean Transient, the North Ionian circulation, the Black Sea water inflow, the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, and the surface buoyancy fluxes favoured dense water formation in the Aegean Sea.

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Multiyear surface wave dataset from the subsurface “DeepLev” eastern Levantine moored station

Haim,

Grigorieva,

Soffer

et al. 2024

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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Abstract. Processed and analyzed sea surface wave characteristics derived from an up-looking acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) for the period 2016–2022 are presented as a dataset available from the public open-access repository of SEA scieNtific Open data Edition (SEANOE) at https://doi.org/10.17882/96904 (Haim et al., 2022). The collected data include full two-dimensional wave fields, along with computed bulk parameters, such as wave heights, periods, and directions of propagation. The ADCP was mounted on the submerged Deep Levantine (DeepLev) mooring station located 50 km off the Israeli coast to the west of Haifa (bottom depth ∼1470 m). It meets the need for accurate and reliable in situ measurements in the eastern Mediterranean Sea as the area significantly lacks wave data compared to other Mediterranean sub-basins. The developed long-term time series of wave parameters contribute to the monitoring and analysis of the region's wave climate and the quality of wind–wave forecasting models.

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The POSEIDON Ocean Observing System: Technological Development and Challenges

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

Dense Water Formation in the North–Central Aegean Sea during Winter 2021–2022

Dense Water Formation in the North–Central Aegean Sea during Winter 2021–2022

Dense Water Formation Variability in the Aegean Sea from 1947 to 2023

Multiyear surface wave dataset from the subsurface “DeepLev” eastern Levantine moored station

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