The Poor General Health of the Severely Mentally Ill: Impact of Schizophrenic Diagnosis

Chafetz, R. N. Linda; White, Richard N.; Collins-Bride, R. N. Gerri; Nickens, John

doi:10.1007/s10597-005-2651-z

Cited by 55 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Many studies on the association between schizophrenia and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positivity were found. Although the prevalence of HIV positivity in people with schizophrenia was generally higher than in the general population (0.6% in the general population of America according to a WHO statistic) (21), the prevalence varied substantially [1.3-22.9% (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)]. This variability probably reflects a different degrees of prevalence of HIV positivity in different parts of the world.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Filik and colleagues (101) found higher rates of lung function impairment in people with schizophrenia compared to a United Kingdom national sample. Chafetz and colleagues (39) reported chronic respiratory problems occurred frequently in people with schizophrenia. A further study reported increased frequencies of choking deaths in schizophrenia that may be related to tardive dyskinesia, tachyphagia, and abnormal swallowing (102).…”

Section: Respiratory Tract Diseases (335 Medline Hits)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical illness and schizophrenia: a review of the literature

Leucht

Burkard

Henderson³

et al. 2007

Acta Psychiatr Scand

560

358

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Sartorius N. Physical illness and schizophrenia: a review of the literature.Objective: The lifespan of people with schizophrenia is shortened compared to the general population. We reviewed the literature on comorbid physical diseases in schizophrenia to provide a basis for initiatives to fight this unacceptable situation. Method: We searched MEDLINE (1966( -May 2006 combining the MeSH term of schizophrenia with the 23 MeSH terms of general physical disease categories to identify relevant epidemiological studies. Results: A total of 44 202 abstracts were screened. People with schizophrenia have higher prevalences of HIV infection and hepatitis, osteoporosis, altered pain sensitivity, sexual dysfunction, obstetric complications, cardiovascular diseases, overweight, diabetes, dental problems, and polydipsia than the general population. Rheumatoid arthritis and cancer may occur less frequently than in the general population. Eighty-six per cent of the studies came from industrialized countries limiting the generalizability of the findings. Conclusion: The increased frequency of physical diseases in schizophrenia might be on account of factors related to schizophrenia and its treatment, but undoubtedly also results from the unsatisfactory organization of health services, from the attitudes of medical doctors, and the social stigma ascribed to the schizophrenic patients. Summations• According to this review it has been known for decades that incidences physical diseases are frequent in schizophrenia. Nevertheless, some areas such as infectious diseases have not been sufficiently studied.• Psychiatrists are often not trained well enough in the detection and treatment of physical diseases.They must be aware of the frequent medical comorbidities and should play a more active role in their diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.• Other necessary strategies include the education of patients, general practitioners and of doctors working in other medical specialities. The access to medical care of the mentally ill also needs to be improved, among others, by reducing the stigma associated with mental disorders. Considerations• The review covered a broad area of research accordingly, focusing attention to details has not been possible.• Despite the broad search strategy, studies not covered by MEDLINE or not indexed by the MeSH term of schizophrenia could have been missed. • Due to considerable differences in the design and quality of the studies in assorted and diverse areas, quantitative approaches using meta-analysis were not possible, but should be the target of future reviews focusing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Respiratory Tract Diseases (335 Medline Hits)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical illness and schizophrenia: a review of the literature

Leucht

Burkard

Henderson³

et al. 2007

Acta Psychiatr Scand

560

358

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…34,35 These data highlight the need to ensure that people with chronic mental illness receive comprehensive medical treatment for both their mental and physical needs. Op-Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 2007;9 (2) timal care may require mental health professionals to develop new approaches to manage physical symptoms in mentally ill individuals, 5 including better collaboration with medical colleagues as well as increased attention to programs to prevent or reduce risk factors of common medical comorbidities. 2 Druss and colleagues 34 have shown that patient outcomes and medical care can be improved when medical care is provided on-site in the mental health clinic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 3-Year Clinical and Functional Course of Schizophrenia Among Individuals With and Without Diabetes at Study Entry

Ascher-Svanum

Zhu²,

Ernst³

et al. 2007

Prim. Care Companion J. Clin. Psychiatry

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“…Se ha constatado en diversos estudios una tasa superior de síntomas respiratorios y peor función pulmonar en los pacientes con esquizofrenia que en la población general y en otras enfermedades mentales graves 61 . Así mismo se observa que las patologías respiratorias más frecuentes en este grupo de pacientes son EPOC 62 y apnea del sueño (explicable por los efectos de la obesidad y el tratamiento crónico con neurolépticos) 63 .…”

Section: Otras Enfermedades Que Afectan La Salud Y La Calidad De Vidaunclassified

Factores determinantes del riesgo metabólico en el tratamiento con antipsicóticos atípicos

Pato¹,

Rodríguez²,

Valverde³

2016

Psiquiatría Biológica

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Desde hace años se ha constatado que la esquizofrenia y otros trastornos psicóticos se asocian a elevadas tasas de morbimortalidad. Las causas de este incremento van desde las asociadas al uso de tratamientos específicos para esta enfermedad como a factores de salud relacionados con dicho proceso.Las principales causas de muerte en personas con enfermedad mental grave son similares a las observadas en la población general. Así, en la población general, la enfermedad cardiovascular es la principal causa de mortalidad y dicha mortalidad se ha reducido en los últimos años debido a las mejoras tratamientos y a las iniciativas de salud pública. Sin embargo, la enfermedad cardiovascular aún es alta en personas con enfermedad mental grave y en ellas no se ha visto esta reducción 1 .Los pacientes con esquizofrenia tienen una esperanza de vida un 20% menor que la población general, calculándose que mueren una media de 25 años antes 2 . Se calcula un riesgo relativo de 7,5 veces superior a la población general para la mortalidad por causas no naturales, como suicidio o muerte accidental (40% de las muertes prematuras en estos pacientes); y de 2,41 veces para la mortalidad por causas naturales, especialmente enfermedades cardiovasculares, infecciosas, respiratorias, y endocrinas 3 (60% de las muertes prematuras en estos pacientes) calculándose una mortalidad general 2-3 veces superior que en la población general 4 .En estudios que abordan específicamente las causas de muerte en la esquizofrenia frente a la población general establecen las siguientes cifras: un riesgo 2,7 veces mayor en la diabetes, un riesgo 2,3 veces mayor para enfermedades cardiovasculares, un riesgo de 3,2 veces mayor para las enfermedades respiratorias y de un 3,4 para enfermedades infecciosas 5 .En general, la mayor mortalidad cardiovascular asociada a la esquizofrenia, la depresión unipolar y el trastorno bipolar se atribuye a un riesgo relativo a presentar factores de riesgo modificables de enfermedad cardiovascular de 1 a 5 veces superior al del resto de la población 6 , tal y como se aprecia en la tabla 1.

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The Poor General Health of the Severely Mentally Ill: Impact of Schizophrenic Diagnosis

Cited by 55 publications

References 34 publications

Physical illness and schizophrenia: a review of the literature

Physical illness and schizophrenia: a review of the literature

The 3-Year Clinical and Functional Course of Schizophrenia Among Individuals With and Without Diabetes at Study Entry

Factores determinantes del riesgo metabólico en el tratamiento con antipsicóticos atípicos

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