The pontine taste area in the rat

Norgren, Ralph; Pfaffmann, Carl

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(75)90469-2

Cited by 288 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In terms of subnuclei (Hashimoto et al 2009;Tokita et al 2010), recordings were made in the medial, central lateral, ventral lateral, and external lateral subnuclei. These results are generally in agreement with previous neurophysiological studies done in the rat and hamster PbN (Norgren and Pfaffmann 1975;Van Buskirk and Smith 1981;Ogawa et al 1984;Halsell and Frank 1991;Halsell and Travers 1997;Shimura et al 1997;Tokita et al 2004;Geran and Travers 2009). On the basis of the distribution pattern of recording sites of specific neuron types, some of these studied suggest the existence of chemotopy in the PbN (Van Buskirk and Smith 1981; Ogawa et al 1984;Yamamoto et al 1994;Shimura et al 1997;Tokita et al 2004; but see Geran and Travers 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Gustatory neural responses to umami stimuli in the parabrachial nucleus of C57BL/6J mice

Tokita

Yamamoto

Boughter

2012

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Tokita K, Yamamoto T, Boughter JD Jr. Gustatory neural responses to umami stimuli in the parabrachial nucleus of C57BL/6J mice. J Neurophysiol 107: 1545-1555, 2012. First published December 14, 2011 doi:10.1152/jn.00799.2011Umami is considered to be the fifth basic taste quality and is elicited by glutamate. The mouse is an ideal rodent model for the study of this taste quality because of evidence that suggests that this species, like humans, may sense umami-tasting compounds as unique from other basic taste qualities. We performed single-unit recording of taste responses in the parabrachial nucleus (PbN) of anesthetized C57BL/6J mice to investigate the central representation of umami taste. A total of 52 taste-responsive neurons (22 sucrose-best, 19 NaCl-best, 5 citric acid-best, and 6 quinine-best) were recorded from stimulation period with a large panel of basic and umami-tasting stimuli. No neuron responded best to monopotassium glutamate (MPG) or inosine 5=-monophosphate (IMP), suggesting convergence of input in the central nervous system. Synergism induced by an MPG-IMP mixture was observed in all sucrose-best and some NaCl-best neurons that possessed strong sensitivity to sucrose. In more than half of sucrose-best neurons, the MPG-IMP mixture evoked stronger responses than those elicited by their best stimulus. Furthermore, hierarchical cluster analysis and multidimensional analysis indicated close similarity between sucrose and the MPG-IMP mixture. These results strongly suggest the mixture tastes sweet to mice, a conclusion consistent with previous findings that show bidirectional generalization of conditioned taste aversion between sucrose and umami mixtures, and suppression of taste responses to both sucrose and mixtures by the antisweet polypeptide gurmarin in the chorda tympani nerve. The distribution pattern of reconstructed recording sites of specific neuron types suggested chemotopic organization in the PbN. umami taste; mouse; amino acid; brainstem

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Gustatory neural responses to umami stimuli in the parabrachial nucleus of C57BL/6J mice

Tokita

Yamamoto

Boughter

2012

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…It is interesting that the PBN was highlighted in this context (see also, 69,150). It is true that most attention devoted to the PBN relates to its role as a relay in the ascending transmission of visceral sensory information (133). It is also noteworthy that the PBN is an integrative structure with outputs to other brainstem substrates (e.g., NTS, nucleus ambiguus, ventral lateral medulla, lateral parvocellular reticular formation) (152).…”

Section: Toward An Interpretation Of the Deficient Response To Deprivmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuroanatomical Axis for Control of Energy Balance

Grill

Kaplan

2002

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology

351

219

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The hypothalamic feeding-center model, articulated in the 1950s, held that the hypothalamus contains the interoceptors sensitive to blood-borne correlates of available or stored fuels as well as the integrative substrates that process metabolic and visceral afferent signals and issue commands to brainstem mechanisms for the production of ingestive behavior. A number of findings reviewed here, however, indicate that sensory and integrative functions are distributed across a central control axis that includes critical substrates in the basal forebrain as well as in the caudal brainstem. First, the interoceptors relevant to energy balance are distributed more widely than had been previously thought, with a prominent brainstem complement of leptin and insulin receptors, glucose-sensing mechanisms, and neuropeptide mediators. The physiological relevance of this multiple representation is suggested by the demonstration that similar behavioral effects can be obtained independently by stimulation of respective forebrain and brainstem subpopulations of the same receptor types (e.g., leptin, CRH, and melanocortin). The classical hypothalamic model is also challenged by the integrative achievements of the chronically maintained, supracollicular decerebrate rat. Decerebrate and neurologically intact rats show similar discriminative responses to taste stimuli and are similarly sensitive to intake-inhibitory feedback from the gut. Thus, the caudal brainstem, in neural isolation from forebrain influence, is sufficient to mediate ingestive responses to a range of visceral afferent signals. The decerebrate rat, however, does not show a hyperphagic response to food deprivation, suggesting that interactions between forebrain and brainstem are necessary for the behavioral response to systemic/ metabolic correlates of deprivation in the neurologically intact rat. At the same time, however, there is evidence suggesting that hypothalamic-neuroendocrine responses to fasting depend on pathways ascending from brainstem. Results reviewed are consistent with a distributionist (as opposed to hierarchical) model for the control of energy balance that emphasizes: (i) control mechanisms endemic to hypothalamus and brainstem that drive their unique effector systems on the basis of local interoceptive, and in the brainstem case, visceral, afferent inputs and (ii) a set of uni-and bidirectional interactions that coordinate adaptive neuroendocrine, autonomic, and behavioral responses to changes in metabolic status. KEY WORDS: feeding behavior; leptin; glucose sensing; decerebrate; neuropeptide; hypothalamic model; caudal brainstem; energy balance.

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“…Physiological studies have suggested that taste-responsive neurons are primarily located in the MPb and that viscerosensory-responsive neurons are located in the LPb (Norgren and Pfaffmann, 1975;Hermann and Rogers, 1985;Ward, 1989;Halsell and Frank, 1991). Furthermore, anatomical studies on the ascending NTS-Pb projection suggested that there was a subnuclear organization in their connection (Norgren, 1978;Ricardo and Koh, 1978;).…”

Section: Projections From the Ntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascending Projections from the Area Postrema and the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract of Suncus Murinus

Ito

Seki

1998

Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica

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Summary: Suncus murinus (suncus) is a new experimental animal model for research on the mechanisms underlying emesis. In the present study, we examined the ascending projections from the area postrema (AP) and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) in suncus based on anterograde transport of phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin. The AP projected heavily to the dorsal vagal complex, especially in the commissural and medial subnuclei of the NTS, and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. Some ascending fibers from the AP projected bilaterally to the parabrachial nucleus (Pb), but no labeling was observed rostral to this area. In contrast, the NTS had extensive projections as far as the basal forebrain. The NTS projections were observed in the AP, ventrolateral reticular formation including the nucleus ambiguus, A5 noradrenergic area, locus coeruleus, Pb, and central gray matter of the midbrain. At the level of the diencephalon, the NTS projections were seen in the dorsomedial, lateral, paraventricular, periventricular, supraoptic, retrochiasmatic and arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus, in addition to the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus. Terminal fields within the basal forebrain were also shown to include the medial preoptic area, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the substantia innominata and the ventral pallidum.The results indicated that the neurological relationship between the chemo-and/or barosensitive systems including the trigger of the emetic response and the general viscerosensory and/or -motor systems may exist also in the suncus.

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The pontine taste area in the rat

Cited by 288 publications

References 41 publications

Gustatory neural responses to umami stimuli in the parabrachial nucleus of C57BL/6J mice

Gustatory neural responses to umami stimuli in the parabrachial nucleus of C57BL/6J mice

The Neuroanatomical Axis for Control of Energy Balance

Ascending Projections from the Area Postrema and the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract of Suncus Murinus

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