Gustatory neural responses to umami stimuli in the parabrachial nucleus of C57BL/6J mice

Tokita, Kenichi; Yamamoto, Takashi; Boughter, John D.

doi:10.1152/jn.00799.2011

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(110 reference statements)

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“…Both groups also exhibited unexpectedly long meals that were produced primarily by increases in the number of bursts rather than by increases in pause duration, indicating that PBN lesions did not impair Ex4-induced motivation to approach the spout. We are tempted to conclude that Ex4 effects on taste evaluation (to the extent that they exist) do not require the participation of the PBN, but it is important to note that our lesions principally targeted the LPBN with less consistent damage to the caudal medial and ventral lateral PBN subnuclei, where more gustatory-responsive neurons are present ( (Baird et al, 2001a, b;Fulwiler and Saper, 1984;Nishijo and Norgren, 1990;Sakai and Yamamoto, 1997;Tokita et al, 2012); see Figure 1b for example).…”

Section: Pbn Lesion Effects On Ex4 Hypophagiamentioning

confidence: 95%

Parabrachial Nucleus Contributions to Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist-Induced Hypophagia

Swick

Alhadeff

Grill

et al. 2015

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Exendin-4 (Ex4), a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist approved to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, is well known to induce hypophagia in human and animal models. We evaluated the contributions of the hindbrain parabrachial nucleus (PBN) to systemic Ex4-induced hypophagia, as the PBN receives gustatory and visceral afferent relays and descending input from several brain nuclei associated with feeding. Rats with ibotenic-acid lesions targeted to the lateral PBN (PBNx) and sham controls received Ex4 (1 μg/kg) before 24 h home cage chow or 90 min 0.3 M sucrose access tests, and licking microstructure was analyzed to identify components of feeding behavior affected by Ex4. PBN lesion efficacy was confirmed using conditioned taste aversion (CTA) tests. As expected, sham control but not PBNx rats developed a CTA. In sham-lesioned rats, Ex4 reduced chow intake within 4 h of injection and sucrose intake within 90 min. PBNx rats did not show reduced chow or sucrose intake after Ex4 treatment, indicating that the PBN is necessary for Ex4 effects under the conditions tested. In sham-treated rats, Ex4 affected licking microstructure measures associated with hedonic taste evaluation, appetitive behavior, oromotor coordination, and inhibitory postingestive feedback. Licking microstructure responses in PBNx rats after Ex4 treatment were similar to sham-treated rats with the exception of inhibitory postingestive feedback measures. Together, the results suggest that the PBN critically contributes to the hypophagic effects of systemically delivered GLP-1R agonists by enhancing visceral feedback.

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Section: Pbn Lesion Effects On Ex4 Hypophagiamentioning

confidence: 95%

Parabrachial Nucleus Contributions to Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist-Induced Hypophagia

Swick

Alhadeff

Grill

et al. 2015

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…Of these subjects, 60 mice were used in our previous studies (Tokita et al, 2012; Tokita and Boughter 2012), and 22 mice were used for collection of additional data for the present study. The animals were maintained in a temperature- and humidity-controlled vivarium on a 12:12 h light-dark cycle (lights on at 0700 h, off at 1900 h), and were given free access to food (22/5 rodent diet, Harlan Teklad, Madison, WI, USA) and water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In two previous single-unit recording studies from our lab (Tokita et al, 2012; Tokita and Boughter, 2012) we collected taste responses from 52 and 70 PbN neurons, respectively. These sample sizes are similar to the other few published studies of mouse taste brainstem (NST) physiology using in vivo methods (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We combined these data with 122 neurons collected in our previous studies (Tokita et al, 2012; Tokita and Boughter, 2012). We included the fifth basic taste umami as one of the stimuli used in the present study, including both individual stimuli and a synergistic mix, as umami was typically omitted in previous electrophysiological mapping studies in the rat and hamster.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Topographic organizations of taste-responsive neurons in the parabrachial nucleus of C57BL/6J mice: An electrophysiological mapping study

Tokita

Boughter

2016

Neuroscience

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The activities of 178 taste-responsive neurons were recorded extracellularly from the parabrachial nucleus (PbN) in the anesthetized C57BL/6J mouse. Taste stimuli included those representative of 5 basic taste qualities, sweet, salty, sour, bitter and umami. Umami synergism was represented by all sucrose-best and sweet-sensitive sodium chloride-best neurons. Mediolaterally the PbN was divided into medial, brachium conjunctivum (BC) and lateral subdivisions while rostrocaudally the PbN was divided into rostral and caudal subdivisions for mapping and reconstruction of recording sites. Neurons in the medial and BC subdivisions had a significantly greater magnitude of response to sucrose and to the mixture of monopotassium glutamate and inosine monophosphate than those found in the lateral subdivision. In contrast, neurons in the lateral subdivision possessed a more robust response to quinine hydrochloride. Rostrocaudally no difference was found in the mean magnitude of response. Analysis on the distribution pattern of neuron types classified by their best stimulus revealed that the proportion of neuron types in the medial vs. lateral and BC vs. lateral subdivisions was significantly different, with a greater amount of sucrose-best neurons found medially and within the BC, and a greater amount of sodium chloride-, citric acid- and quinine hydrochloride-best neurons found laterally. There was no significant difference in the neuron type distribution between rostral and caudal PbN. We also assessed breadth of tuning in these neurons by calculating entropy (H) and noise-to-signal (N/S) ratio. Mean N/S ratio of all neurons (0.43) was significantly lower than that of H value (0.64). Neurons in the caudal PbN had a significantly higher H value than in the rostral PbN. In contrast, mean N/S ratio were not different both mediolaterally and rostrocaudally. These results suggest that although there is overlap in taste quality representation in the mouse PbN, taste-responsive neurons still possessed a topographic organization.

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“…This 500 μm stretch comprised an average of 7 fluorescently-stained sections in all mice, and likely captured the majority of gustatory-related regions in the mouse as defined by location of taste-responsive neurons from in vivo recording, FLI evoked by licking of 0.1 M NaCl, or density of cells projecting to the gustatory thalamus (Hashimoto et al, 2009; Tokita et al, 2010, 2012). Quantification of cells was made only on the side ipsilateral to the injection site and intraoral cannula.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of lateral hypothalamus-projecting parabrachial neurons by intraorally delivered gustatory stimuli

Tokita¹,

Armstrong²,

John³

et al. 2014

Front. Neural Circuits

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The present study investigated a subpopulation of neurons in the mouse parabrachial nucleus (PbN), a gustatory and visceral relay area in the brainstem, that project to the lateral hypothalamus (LH). We made injections of the retrograde tracer Fluorogold (FG) into LH, resulting in fluorescent labeling of neurons located in different regions of the PbN. Mice were stimulated through an intraoral cannula with one of seven different taste stimuli, and PbN sections were processed for immunohistochemical detection of the immediate early gene c-Fos, which labels activated neurons. LH projection neurons were found in all PbN subnuclei, but in greater concentration in lateral subnuclei, including the dorsal lateral subnucleus (dl). Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) was observed in the PbN in a stimulus-dependent pattern, with the greatest differentiation between intraoral stimulation with sweet (0.5 M sucrose) and bitter (0.003 M quinine) compounds. In particular, sweet and umami-tasting stimuli evoked robust FLI in cells in the dl, whereas quinine evoked almost no FLI in cells in this subnucleus. Double-labeled cells were also found in the greatest quantity in the dl. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that the dl contains direct a projection to the LH that is activated preferentially by appetitive compounds; this projection may be mediated by taste and/or postingestive mechanisms.

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Gustatory neural responses to umami stimuli in the parabrachial nucleus of C57BL/6J mice

Cited by 28 publications

References 69 publications

Parabrachial Nucleus Contributions to Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist-Induced Hypophagia

Parabrachial Nucleus Contributions to Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist-Induced Hypophagia

Topographic organizations of taste-responsive neurons in the parabrachial nucleus of C57BL/6J mice: An electrophysiological mapping study

Activation of lateral hypothalamus-projecting parabrachial neurons by intraorally delivered gustatory stimuli

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