The pollutant emissions from diesel-engine vehicles and exhaust aftertreatment systems

Abstract

Diesel engines have high efficiency, durability, and reliability together with their low-operating cost. These important features make them the most preferred engines especially for heavy-duty vehicles. The interest in diesel engines has risen substantially day by day. In addition to the widespread use of these engines with many advantages, they play an important role in environmental pollution problems worldwide. Diesel engines are considered as one of the largest contributors to environmental pollution caused by exhaust emissions, and they are responsible for several health problems as well. Many policies have been imposed worldwide in recent years to reduce negative effects of diesel engine emissions on human health and environment. Many researches have been carried out on both diesel exhaust pollutant emissions and aftertreatment emission control technologies. In this paper, the emissions from diesel engines and their control systems are reviewed. The four main pollutant emissions from diesel engines (carbon monoxide-CO, hydrocarbons-HC, particulate matter-PM and nitrogen oxides-NO x ) and control systems for these emissions (diesel oxidation catalyst, diesel particulate filter and selective catalytic reduction) are discussed. Each type of emissions and control systems is comprehensively examined. At the same time, the legal restrictions on exhaust-gas emissions around the world and the effects of exhaust-gas emissions on human health and environment are explained in this study.

Effects of EGR rate on performance and emissions of a diesel power generator fueled by B7

“…Figure 10 shows that NO X -specific emissions are reduced with increasing EGR rate for all engine load range investigated. This behaviour is justified by the reduction of oxygen availability due to the displacement of some of the oxygen in the fresh intake air charge by the recirculated exhaust gas [30,[43][44][45][46][47][48]. This causes a reduction in the local flame temperature because of the spatial broadening of the flame due to the reduction in the oxygen molar fraction [24].…”

An Experimental Investigation of Karanja Biodiesel Production in Sarawak, Malaysia

“…The diesel engine vehicles are well known as one of the largest contributors to air pollution that produce routine hazardous emissions within cities and along urban traffic routes caused by exhaust emissions [1,2]. With rapid industrialization and exponential growth of the transport sector, environmental pollution along with global warming that arise in the developing countries faces major challenges of the energy demand as well as increased environmental concerns.…”

Feasibility Study of Motor Powered Agricultural Tractors Based on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Energy Sources

“…For the whole system and under high load working condition, the final fuel efficiency of an ICE vehicle is only about 17.8% (Pollet et al 2012). Not only low efficiency, but also ICE emits waste gases and particle air pollutants, such as SO 2 , NO X , CO 2 , and PM2.5, causing air pollution and climate change (Reşitoğlu et al 2015). Thus, ICE is not competent for the long-term strategy, and researchers noticed that electric motor based vehicles is able to be competitive to ICE automobile considering zero emissions.…”