The Pollination Requirements of the Faba Bean

Stoddard, Frederick L.; Bond, D. A.

doi:10.1080/0005772x.1987.11098923

Cited by 66 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…and diverse solitary bees (Anthopora and Xylocarpa), with the dominant species varying between regions (Stoddard and Bond 1987;Bond and Kirby 1999). Therefore, we suggest that the high level of genetic variability which was observed within most of the tested populations is presumably due to the partially allogamous reproductive system of faba bean.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Genetic variability in Tunisian populations of faba bean (Vicia faba L. var. major) assessed by morphological and SSR markers

Rebaa¹,

Abid²,

Aouida³

et al. 2017

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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The genetic diversity of 21 faba bean populations was examined using morphological and molecular markers. DNA was extracted from 189 individuals and 8 microsatellite markers were genotyped individually in these 21 populations. A total of 53 alleles were obtained in all populations, with an average of 6.62 alleles per locus. The expected and observed heterozygosity was 0.38 and 0.62 respectively. The average polymorphism index content of SSR markers was 0.61, ranging from 0.31 to 0.81. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean dendrogram clustered all the populations into two groups, each for them subdivided into 3 sub-groups according to geographical origin. Morphological variation showed that the populations were not grouped according to their geographical origin. Therefore, patterns of differentiation of morphological traits did not coincide with molecular differentiation, indicating that morphological variation does not reflect genetic subdivision in studied faba bean populations. Analysis of molecular variance revealed high levels of genetic variation (83%) within population and provides a good base for designing genetic improvement programs. The result of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that three dimensional principal components (PC1, PC2 and PC3) contributed 40.56% of the total variability and accounted with values of 20.64, 11.22 and 8.70%, respectively. Cluster analysis based on PCA indicated three separate groups of populations. The genetic relationships found between the 21 populations samples were the same in both the PCA and STRUCTURE analysis which support the results observed. These data may serve as a foundation for the development of faba bean breeding programs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Genetic variability in Tunisian populations of faba bean (Vicia faba L. var. major) assessed by morphological and SSR markers

Rebaa¹,

Abid²,

Aouida³

et al. 2017

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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“…In the present study the high seed set obtained may be attributed to the N. damascena had higher number of branches per plant than N. sativa and the mild spring conditions and suitable daily temperature which favored the activity of potential insect pollinators. The increased seed set and yield under open-pollinated conditions have been reported in different crops such broad beans (Frusciante and Monti, 1980;Stoddard and Bond, 1987), Lupines (Williams, 1987), Alfalfa (Robinson et al, 1989), Red clover and different other crops listed by McGregor (1976) and Free (1993). These results also indicated that wind did not play an important role for pollination success since the emasculated open pollinated treatment resulted in non seed production compared with the control.…”

Section: Bee Visitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study in Seed Yield and Flowers Attractivity to Bee Visitors Between Nigella Sativa L. and Nigella Damascena L. (Ranunculaceae) Grown Under Semiarid Conditions

Zaitoun¹,

Al-Ghzawi²,

Samarah³

et al. 2008

Ital J Agronomy

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This experiment was carried out during the growing season 2005 at the campus of Jordan University of Science and Technology (32°22" N, 35°49" E), Jordan. Two different Nigella species were used in this experiment; Nigella sativa L. and Nigella damascena L. This study was aimed to identify the bee visitors of Nigella species and the pollination requirements of Nigella flowers grown under semiarid conditions. The results showed that flowers of both Nigella species were visited by seven different bee visitors. However, flowers of N. damascena were more attractive to bees than N. sativa flowers. N. damascena produced on average significantly higher plant, more number of branches per plant, more seed yield, total seed weight and higher number of capsules per plant. On the other hand, N. sativa produced its flowers and matured nearly two weeks earlier than N. damascena. There is no interaction between Nigella species and pollination treatments for all yield parameter. N. damascena was higher in number of ovaries, seeds per capsules, seed set percentage, seeds per plant and total seed weight than N. sativa under treatments conditions. Also, flowers of both Nigella species under open treatment produced higher yield compared to other pollination treatments.

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“…Increased crop diversity supports increased above and below ground biodiversity (Köpke and Nemecek 2010) including decomposer invertebrates such as earthworms and Collembola (Eisenhauer et al 2009;Sabais et al 2011) and pollen-and nectar-gathering wild and domesticated bees as well as bumblebees that are attracted by the crop's mass-flowering habit (Stoddard and Bond 1987;Palmer et al 2009;Green et al 1980;Köpke and Nemecek 2010;Westphal et al 2003). However, benefits of increased diversity of crops and associated diversity are not rewarded in current markets due to institutional failures (Perrings 2001;Pascual and Perrings 2007).…”

Section: Biodiversity Enhancementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grain legume decline and potential recovery in European agriculture: a review

Zander

Amjath-Babu

Preißel

et al. 2016

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

166

157

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Sustainable development of agriculture is at the core of agricultural policy debates in Europe. There is a consensus that diversification of cropping would support sustainable development. However, a reduction in legume cultivation has been observed in the EU during the last decades. This decline has induced, in turn, a deficit of proteins and a reduction of ecosystem services provided by legumes. Therefore, we analysed the mechanisms that shape agricultural systems to identify leverage points for reviving European legume production. Specifically, we reviewed the factors that affect the market and non-market value of legumes and the relevant agricultural policies. We characterized the decline in legume cropping as an outcome of the dominance of economic forces that favour specialization of production systems over diversification. We found that the value of market outputs of legumes per unit area is relatively low and volatile, with a 25-78 % variation in pea gross margins, which reduces market competitiveness. We observed that the value of systeminternal outputs of legumes such as the nitrogen fixed, of 130 to 153 kg N ha; crop protection services that reduce agrochemical costs, by 20-25 % in cereals; and yield enhancements of subsequent crops, of 0.2 to 1.6 t ha −1 in cereals, are often underestimated. In addition, markets fail to translate external effects of legumes such as biodiversity enhancement, reduction in emissions, of up to 50 % in N 2 O, and soil improvements into economic benefits. Current policies support legumes through selected mechanisms such as ecological focus areas, agri-environmental programmes and sparse coupled support measures. Domestic cultivation of legumes could be supported through trade policies such as import restrictions on genetically modified soybean or new mechanisms to appreciate non-market outputs including payments for ecosystem services and carbon markets. In addition, development of new value chains, niche markets, scaling-up of plant breeding efforts and dissemination of information is required.

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The Pollination Requirements of the Faba Bean

Cited by 66 publications

References 51 publications

Genetic variability in Tunisian populations of faba bean (Vicia faba L. var. major) assessed by morphological and SSR markers

Genetic variability in Tunisian populations of faba bean (Vicia faba L. var. major) assessed by morphological and SSR markers

Comparative Study in Seed Yield and Flowers Attractivity to Bee Visitors Between Nigella Sativa L. and Nigella Damascena L. (Ranunculaceae) Grown Under Semiarid Conditions

Grain legume decline and potential recovery in European agriculture: a review

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