The Politicization of Intelligence: A Comparative Study

The intelligence of fear

“…Stalin killed people who did not give him what he wanted to hear, and Iraq's Saddam Hussein produced intelligence people who seem to have spent more effort determining what Saddam wanted than monitoring world events. 13 Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin netanyahu displayed in his first term as prime minister a hostility toward, and intimidation of, his intelligence agencies' senior leaders that induced behavioral changes in individuals and altered the performance of the agencies. 14 President Lyndon Johnson and Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) John McCone saw the role of intelligence differently, leading McCone to resign in April 1965 -very early in the Americanization of the Vietnam War.…”

“…It suggests that motivated biases, caused by personal and organizational self-interest, are more significant causes of intelligence failures than are commonly believed. 96 It also provides insights into organizational cultural aspects of intelligence that often escape explanations of intelligence performance devoid of sociological and organizational cultural considerations. 97 Fears exacerbate the cognitive and methodological failures often discussed in the intelligence studies literature, usually without institutional contexts.…”

Changing Dynamics of Turkish Intelligence: Reform, Policy and Operational Outreach in The Last Decade

“…ABD ve Almanya'nın yanı sıra İngiltere, Fransa, İtalya, İspanya, Polonya gibi birçok Avrupa ülkesi ve yine Batı demokrasileri haricinde İsrail, Güney Kore, Malezya ve Moğolistan gibi dünyanın farklı bölgelerindeki birçok ülke, istihbaratın siyasallaşması ve bunun önlenmesine yönelik reform çalışmalarına dair önemli tartışmalara sahne olmaktadırlar (Davies, 2019;Gruszczak, 2017;Bar-Joseph, 2013;Lomas, 2021;Mendee and Tuvshintugs, 2013;Seo, 2018).…”