“…Therefore, the strength of the finance minister might have an influence on fiscal performance. As factors strengthening the minister of finance, the literature examines her procedural rights (Hagen and Harden, 1995;Hallerberg, Strauch, and Hagen, 2007), her relationship with the prime minister (Jochimsen and Nuscheler, 2011) and the number of spending ministers in opposition to her (Hagen and Harden, 1995;Kontopoulos and Perotti, 1999;Volkerink and Haan, 2001). Somewhat surprisingly, however, individual characteristics of the finance minister such as personal career planning, educational background and professional experience as well as gender and family status are unexplored.…”