The Political Economy of Deep Integration

Maggi, Giovanni; Ossa, Ralph

doi:10.1146/annurev-economics-121020-032425

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…"Deep integration" can be assessed from a perspective based on trade and economy, and on regional integration studies. From an economic approach, it refers to reciprocal trade agreements that aim to establish free movement of goods, services, capital, people, and ideas (Mattoo et al, 2020), evidenced by the preferential trade agreements that have increased steadily from the 1990s onward and differing from "shallow integration" that focuses on tariffs reduction (Maggi & Ossa, 2021). From the regional integration theories approach, it refers to the process by which states transfer their authority, or a part of it, at the regional level and constitute a type of supranationalism (see Börzel & Risse, 2016).…”

Section: An Assessment Of 10 Years Of the Pacific Alliance And Its Re...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pacific Alliance and its influence on South American regionalism

Gonçalves

2023

Latin American Policy

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When the Pacific Alliance was created in 2011, its proposal to reestablish open regionalism led to a debate on the fragmentation of regional integration and the Atlantic-Pacific divide. A decade later, Latin American regionalism is under stress, but the Pacific Alliance is not. Moreover, regionalism in South America displays features that are observed in the Pacific Alliance. From a constructivist framework, this article analyzes how the ideas from the Pacific Alliance shaped the early development of Prosur, highlighting the role of Chile, Colombia, and Peru in influencing South American regionalism. This article aims to contribute to debates on the future of Latin American regionalism by stressing how the Pacific Alliance influences regionalism, dispelling the idea that it is a mere trade bloc, and showing how it consolidates the Bogotá-Lima-Santiago axis in South American regionalism. It sheds light on the relevance of this regional bloc in political terms and on the agency capacity (achievements and limits) of Colombia, Peru, and Chile in setting a regional agenda.

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Section: An Assessment Of 10 Years Of the Pacific Alliance And Its Re...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pacific Alliance and its influence on South American regionalism

Gonçalves

2023

Latin American Policy

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“…For example, they can explore new ways of deepening the integration of markets more easily than can negotiations involving all 164 members of the WTO, easing a path for the more successful of those ways to be subsequently added to the WTO's agenda (Armstrong & Drysdale, 2022;Fernandes et al, 2021). However, the deeper the integration agreement the less likely others will join (Maggi & Ossa, 2021). Historically, PTAs have delivered few cuts to agricultural subsidies and tariffs in addition to diverting trade against outsiders (Bureau et al, 2019), although see Ayuda et al (2022), Jayasinghe andSarker (2008), andSkripnitchenko et al (2006).…”

Section: Recent Disruptions To Global Trade and Ways Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agriculture's globalization: Endowments, technologies, tastes and policies

Anderson

2022

Journal of Economic Surveys

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The history of agricultural trade stretches back more than ten millennia, but it became more inter‐continental from the 17th century and much denser in the 19th century following the repeal of Britain's protective Corn Laws in 1846 and major declines in international trade costs. Trade was chaotic in the period bookended by the two world wars, but trade policy anarchy gave way to greater certainty after the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was signed in 1947. This paper seeks to identify the forces that shaped that history, and to re‐examine the case for continued openness to trade in farm and processed food products. It does so in the wake of uneven economic growth and structural transformation and as agri‐food systems respond to increased market and policy uncertainties this century—and to growing pressures for agricultural production to become more sustainable and for its food outputs to be safer and more nutritious. The paper points to better policy options than trade measures for achieving most national objectives—options that can simultaneously benefit the rest of the world. Areas for further economic research are noted before the paper concludes.

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“…For example, they can explore new ways of deepening the integration of markets more easily than can negotiations involving all 164 members of the WTO, easing a path for the more successful of those ways to be subsequently added to the WTO's agenda (Fernandes, Rocha & Ruta, 2021). However, the deeper the integration agreement the less likely others will join (Maggi & Ossa, 2021). Historically, PTAs have delivered few cuts to agricultural subsidies and tariffs in addition to diverting trade against outsiders (Bureau et al., 2019).…”

Section: Alternative Policy Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agriculture in a more uncertain global trade environment

Anderson

2022

Agricultural Economics

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The global trade environment is more uncertain now than it has been for decades. In the short term, bilateral trade “wars” and the COVID‐19 pandemic have added to longer‐term uncertainties such as sporadic national policy responses to climate change, to the digital revolution, to up‐scaled assertiveness and economic coercion by rapidly growing China, and to antiglobalization groups. The underlying concerns could be reduced through greater multilateral cooperation, but that has been in short supply in recent years, not least because of eroding support for globalization. This article re‐examines the case for greater unilateral openness to agricultural trade in the wake of uneven economic growth and structural transformation as food systems respond to this increased uncertainty and to growing pressures for agriculture to become more sustainable and for food to be safer and more nutritious. The article concludes by pointing to better policy options than trade measures for achieving most national objectives—options that can simultaneously benefit the rest of the world in terms of easing natural resource and environmental stresses while supporting economic growth and reducing national and global poverty, food and nutrition insecurity, and inequalities in income, wealth, and health.

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The Political Economy of Deep Integration

Cited by 22 publications

References 62 publications

The Pacific Alliance and its influence on South American regionalism

The Pacific Alliance and its influence on South American regionalism

Agriculture's globalization: Endowments, technologies, tastes and policies

Agriculture in a more uncertain global trade environment

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