The Pliocene and Quaternary of the high plain of Bogotá (Colombia): A history of tectonic uplift, basin development and climatic change

Helmens, Karin F.; Hammen, T. van der

doi:10.1016/1040-6182(94)90020-5

Cited by 54 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Paleobotanical data indicate a change in fl ora from lowland associations to Andean-type forests (Helmens, 1990) in the last 5 m.y., but the timing of this change ranges between 3 and 6 Ma (Helmens and Van der Hammen, 1994;Hooghiemstra and Van der Hammen, 1998). Zircon fi ssion-track ages support earlier uplift in the Central Cordillera (around the Campanian-Maastrichtian boundary; Toro, 1999;Gómez et al, 2005a) Shagam et al, 1984;.…”

Section: Evidence Of Pre-neogene Deformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated analysis of an orogen-sedimentary basin pair: Latest Cretaceous-Cenozoic evolution of the linked Eastern Cordillera orogen and the Llanos foreland basin of Colombia

Bayona¹,

Cortés

Jaramillo

et al. 2008

Geological Society of America Bulletin

143

142

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The integration of restored basin geometry and internal features of syntectonic units (e.g., stratal architecture, thickness, sandstone composition) with fl exural modeling of the lithosphere constrains the evolution of a basin and its fl exural history related to orogenic growth (spatial/temporal loading confi guration). Using this approach, we determined the Maastrichtian-Cenozoic polyphase growth of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, an inverted Mesozoic extensional basin. The record of this growth occurs in an Andean (post-middle Miocene) thrust belt (the Eastern Cordillera) and in adjacent foreland basins, such as the Llanos Basin to the east. This approach permitted the identification of fi ve tectono-stratigraphic sequences in the foreland basin and fi ve phases of shortening for the Eastern Cordillera. Thermochronological and geochronological data support the spatial and temporal evolution of the orogen-foreland basin pair. The geometry of tectonic loads, constrained by fl exural models, reveals shortening events of greater magnitude for the uppermost two sequences than for pre-middle Eocene sequences. Tectonic loads for the late Maastrichtian-middle Eocene phases of shortening were less than 3 km high and 100 km wide. For the late Eocene-middle Miocene phase, tectonic loads changed southward from 6 km to less than 4 km, and loads were wider to the north. The strong Andean inversion formed today's Eastern Cordillera structural confi guration and had equivalent tectonic loads of 10-11 km.Integrated analysis is necessary in polyphase orogenic belts to defi ne the spatial and temporal variation of tectonic load and foreland basin confi gurations and to serve studies that seek to quantify exhumation and threedimensional analyses of thrust belts. For the Bayona et al. 1172Geological Society of America Bulletin, September/October 2008 Eastern Cordillera, thermochronological sampling must span the width of the Eastern Cordillera rather than be concentrated in a single range.

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Section: Evidence Of Pre-neogene Deformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated analysis of an orogen-sedimentary basin pair: Latest Cretaceous-Cenozoic evolution of the linked Eastern Cordillera orogen and the Llanos foreland basin of Colombia

Bayona¹,

Cortés

Jaramillo

et al. 2008

Geological Society of America Bulletin

143

142

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“…At a rate of evolution of 2% per million years' divergence time this would correspond to separation of the two clades at approximately 2.7 million years, similar to the 2.74 Ma for the ¢nal uplift of the eastern Andean cordillera which extends into Venezuela and is the youngest of the Andean ranges (Helmens & van der Hammen 1994). However, the estimate of divergence time should be viewed with caution because the rate of evolution varies among mtDNA proteins (Zardoya & Meyer 1996; an approximate correction gives a divergence time of ca.…”

Section: (B) Phylogeography Of B Marinusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography of Bufo marinus from its natural and introduced ranges

Slade

Moritz

1998

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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The marine toad, Bufo marinus, has a broad natural distribution extending from the south-west of the USA to southern Peru and the central Amazon. It was introduced to several localities in the Caribbean and Paci¢c Oceans to control sugar cane pests. We sequenced 468 bp of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) containing the ND3 gene, and £anking tRNA genes from toads spanning the broad natural and introduced ranges. Consistent with the known history of introductions and expected e¡ects of serial bottlenecks, mtDNA within introduced populations in Hawaii and Australia was uniform and most closely related to samples from eastern Venezuela and French Guiana. However, mtDNA nucleotide diversity in the geographic region spanning the source areas is also relatively low (0.18^0.46%) and the absence of variation in the introduced populations precludes quantitative assessment of the reduction in genetic diversity. Unexpectedly, there was a large phylogeographic break (5.4% sequence divergence) within the natural range separating populations east and west of the Venezuelan Andes. We hypothesize that the two major lineages of B. marinus were isolated by the uplift of the eastern Andean cordillera which was completed approximately 2.7 Ma. Another species of the marinus group, B. paracnemis, had mtDNA paraphyletic, with marinus, being nested within the eastern lineage. Thus, at least one speciation event within the marinus group postdates the split within marinus. These ¢ndings suggest that the taxonomy of B. marinus should be re-evaluated and that the search for pathogens to control Australian populations should be conducted in populations from both lineages in the natural range.

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“…These sediments (Helmens and van der Hammen 1994) also preserve evidence of climatic changes during the Pleistocene, providing an outstanding continental record that coincides with oceanic and glacial observations from the entire planet.…”

Section: Geologymentioning

confidence: 88%

Geomorphological Landscapes and Landforms of Colombia

Hermelín

2015

World Geomorphological Landscapes

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Colombia is an equatorial country located in the western corner of South America, where young, high mountains permit the existence of a large range of climates: they form sub-desertic to rainy forest in the lowlands to permanent snow and ice in elevations more than 5000 m a.s.l. A complex geological history also contributes to give the country a great diversity of rocks, landscapes, soils, and biota. Numerous natural processes are active including tectonics and volcanism, glacial processes, mass movements, and river erosion and transport. From multiple natural landscapes emerging from this situation, 17 have been selected to give the reader a comprehensive idea of the complexity of the country's natural environment. These geomorphosites are in the mountainous areas and are located from the Caribbean Sea to near the Ecuadorian border.

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The Pliocene and Quaternary of the high plain of Bogotá (Colombia): A history of tectonic uplift, basin development and climatic change

Cited by 54 publications

References 17 publications

An integrated analysis of an orogen-sedimentary basin pair: Latest Cretaceous-Cenozoic evolution of the linked Eastern Cordillera orogen and the Llanos foreland basin of Colombia

An integrated analysis of an orogen-sedimentary basin pair: Latest Cretaceous-Cenozoic evolution of the linked Eastern Cordillera orogen and the Llanos foreland basin of Colombia

Phylogeography of Bufo marinus from its natural and introduced ranges

Geomorphological Landscapes and Landforms of Colombia

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