The Platform Economy Matures: Pervasive Power, Private Regulation, and Dependent Entrepreneurs

Kenney, Martín; Bearson, Dafna; Zysman, John

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3497974

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The Silicon Valley mantra ‘move fast and break things’ (Mark Zuckerberg, CEO of Facebook) captures the spirit of disruption, and the model of the platform provides the vehicle for deranging the established economic order (Kenney and Zysman, 2020). And in fact, within a few years, the platform has evolved into an emblem and embodiment of the new digital capitalism (Kenney et al., 2019; Langley and Leyshon, 2017a; Parker et al., 2016; Srnicek, 2016).…”

Section: From Nikefication To Uberisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current amalgamation of globalisation and digitalisation, propelled by a shift from networks to platforms or, phrased differently, from ‘Nikefication’ to ‘Uberisation’ (Davis, 2016a, 2016b), has also started to attract attention in economic geography (Langley and Leyshon, 2017b). The engagement with the, as some argue, already maturing platform economy (Kenney et al., 2019) in our field, so far, has primarily been focused on peer-to-peer (P2P) and business-to-consumer (B2C) platforms in the domains of accommodation (e.g. Ferreri and Sanyal, 2018; Stabrowski, 2017; Wachsmuth and Weisler, 2018), transport (Attoh et al., 2019; Braun et al., 2016) and digital labour (Graham et al., 2017; Wood et al., 2019; Woodcock and Graham, 2019).…”

Section: From Nikefication To Uberisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uber-production: From global networks to digital platforms

Grabher

Tuijl

2020

Environ Plan A

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Uber and Airbnb have advanced into emblematic cases in debates in which the new digital capitalism is framed in terms of the so-called sharing economy. While this strand of inquiry has produced a wealth of insights into the workings and impacts of peer-to-peer platforms, the digital transformation of business-to-business interactions has so far attracted less attention. The present Exchange confronts this challenge by juxtaposing platform conceptions with a pre-eminent framework to conceptualize business-to-business relations: global production networks (GPN). Specifically, this Exchange addresses challenges posed by the platform approach for the GPN framework in the four dimensions: value (from owning assets to granting access), governance (from make-or-buy to employ-or-enable), management (from back-end to front-end) and labour (from jobs to gigs).

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Section: From Nikefication To Uberisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: From Nikefication To Uberisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uber-production: From global networks to digital platforms

Grabher

Tuijl

2020

Environ Plan A

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“…The main challenges here have less to do with immediate attempts at swaying public opinion, and more to do with the splintering of a shared public discourse, leading to new forms of political organisation with uncertain consequences, irrespective of whether the source of polarisation is foreign or domestic (Eady et al 2019;Farrell and Schneier 2018;Lin 2019;Patel 2019). In turn, the policy problem is not so much the spread of false information or propaganda by state actors, but the changing dynamics of communication and the growing power and influence of global digital platforms (Gillespie 2015;Gorwa 2019b;Just and Latzer 2017;Kenney, Bearson, and Zysman 2019;Mozur and Scott 2016;Tufekci 2018;Zuboff 2015Zuboff , 2019.…”

Section: Background Definitions Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Hacking democracy: managing influence campaigns and disinformation in the digital age

Schia

Gjesvik

2020

Journal of Cyber Policy

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How are states responding to the threat of using digital technologies to subvert democratic processes? Protecting political and democratic processes from interference via digital technologies is a new and complicated security threat. In recent years the issue has been most prominent in terms of election security, yet the widespread usage of digital technologies allows for the subversion of democratic processes in multifaceted ways. From disrupting the political discourse with false information to inflaming and stoking political divisions digital technologies allows for a variety of ways for malicious actors to target democracies. This article compares different state experiences with interference in sovereign and contested political decisions. More specifically the article compares the Norwegian approach and experience in managing these challenges with those of Finland and the UK. Mapping both how the problem is understood, and the role of previous experiences in shaping public policy.

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“…According to multiple agency respondents, they were not able to control all the conditions, such as what viewability and duration will count as a chargeable view, but they invested a great deal in expertise to get the most out of buying online inventory. Their accounts attested to the ability of platforms to set the terms of trade for complementors (Kenney et al, 2019;Schreieck et al, 2016). The accounts also indicate that the capacity to navigate the technology created by platforms were of strategic value to the agencies.…”

Section: Opacity Bias: Lack Of Transparency Enhancing Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The information we suggest be gathered in relation to the targeting node should contribute to an evaluation of any gatekeeping (Lynskey, 2017). It can help to establish whether the gatekeeping amounts to a problematic form of dominance and the extent to which it is necessitated by data protection law or a result of certain platforms' artifactual and contractual governance of others in their ecosystems (Kenney et al, 2019). A key step noted for the planning and metrics nodes is the assessment of where and how the personal data gathered by the various actors in the ecosystem no longer needs to be personal, or when it is aggregated and anonymised to an extent that no longer requires protection.…”

Section: Collecting Information At Nodes Of Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

Platform power in the video advertising ecosystem

Micova¹,

Jacques²

2020

IPR

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Platform power is a societal concern on many levels. Thus, we argue that addressing it with the common market competition approach is limited. The research we present aims to develop and test an alternative approach to conceptualising and assessing platform power. We propose a framework that operationalises the concept of the integrated platform ecosystem by bounding it with theories of harm to citizen wellbeing. Applying it, instead of defining a market, we use a specific, novel theory of harm to define the audiovisual advertising ecosystem. Our investigation into the dynamics of this ecosystem and conditions shaping them incorporated elite interviews with representatives of firms involved, document analysis and an examination of legal frameworks in a sample of four European jurisdictions. The evidence we present points to an inherent bias in the opacity of trading and to systemic advantage in relationship building, as well as potential power imbalances at 'nodes' where data is used for targeting, planning, and metrics. We discuss the policy implications of these findings and suggest specific questions for regulators to be asking. Issue 4 1. The European Commission's Directorate General for Competition has fined both Facebook and Google following recent investigations (see European Commission 2017a, 2017b & 2019) and in autumn 2019 US State Attorney Generals formally launched antitrust investigations into Facebook and Google's parent company Alphabet (see Paxton, 2019; James, 2019), followed shortly after by the US Department of Justice.

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The Platform Economy Matures: Pervasive Power, Private Regulation, and Dependent Entrepreneurs

Cited by 18 publications

References 21 publications

Uber-production: From global networks to digital platforms

Uber-production: From global networks to digital platforms

Hacking democracy: managing influence campaigns and disinformation in the digital age

Platform power in the video advertising ecosystem

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