The beginning of the shift could be seen 20 years ago. It ij expressed in the difference in vantage from Rostow (1960) to Gerschenkron (1962). In political jcience the same shift is teflected in the move away from the modernization debate in which Weberian ideal types were sought in real societies and development was seen as a dichotomous move from traditional to modern. The turning point in the debate waj undoubtedly Moore (1966) 2 There is a great risk in the notion that 'strict economic theory should be uken b»ck to fundamentals, or rather to the deeper level of frt-ixilimiiima/ economic analysis' (Pasinetti, 1992) The italics are Pajinetti's. The converse view is developed in a broad range of work beginning in the 1970s. Some of the initial work includes: Peter Karzenstein (1978), my books (1977 and 1983) and Hall (1986). In particular Hall and I argue that not only is policy channeled by institutions, not only is political conflict structured by these arrangements, but the definition of interests and objectives is created in institutional contexts and is not separable from them. 3 The notion of models and rivalries is expressed in Albert (1991) which has entered the French debate and Thurow (1992) which reflect! the present American debate. Or one might point to the American preoccupation with Japan, as with Carrington and Edwards (1979) and Vogel (1979). An examination of the character of that interplay among national systems underlies the logic of Zysman and Tyson (1983) and is developed there in several cases. It is also central to Borrus (1988). I develop this line of reasoning in the concluding chapter of Pdilktl Stratefio for inJuslrUl OrJtr (1977). ' Alexii de Tocqueville makes the classic argument. Sec in particular Tbt Old Rigime *md I be Fmcb Rmlutim. Bendix's (1964) explication of the argument is helpful. 6 Joseph Stiglitz's excellent work on finance is one example. A particularly lucid non-mathematical presentation is 'Financial Markets and Development' (1989). Soskice (1992) is a second example.
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