The platelet proteome

Abstract

Purpose of review The proteome is the pool of proteins expressed at a given time and circumstance. The word “proteomics” summarizes several technologies for visualization, quantitation and identification of these proteins. Recent advances in these techniques are helping to elucidate platelet processes which are relevant to bleeding and clotting disorders, transfusion medicine and regulation of angiogenesis. Recent findings Over 1100 platelet proteins have been identified using proteomic techniques. Various subproteomes have been characterized, including platelet releasates (the “secretome”), alpha and dense granules, membrane and cytoskeletal proteins, platelet-derived microparticles, and the platelet “phosphoproteome”. Proteomic data about platelets have become increasingly available in integrated databases. Summary Proteomic experiments in resting and activated platelets have identified novel signaling pathways and secreted proteins which may represent therapeutic targets, as well as potential cancer biomarkers.

Biological Characterization and In Vitro Effects of Human Concentrated Growth Factor Preparation: An Innovative Approach to Tissue Regeneration

“…Our data show that each growth factor has a specific kinetic of accumulation, probably due to a different accumulated quantity in α-granules and a different accumulation of mRNA in platelets useful to synthesize growth factors up to over 7 days after activation [45]. The different kinetics suggests a precise and programmed release to sustain regeneration.…”

Bacillus anthracis peptidoglycan activates human platelets through FcγRII and complement

“…by guest www.bloodjournal.org From Activated platelets release granular contents containing over 400 identified proteins that contribute to the inflammatory process. 37 P-selectin is among the granular proteins and its elevated expression on platelets allows binding to neutrophils through neutrophil PSGL-1. 38 The resulting platelet-neutrophil complexes are more easily formed in vitro with clinical isolates of gram-positive pathogens, 22 where PGN is abundant.…”

Platelet and red blood cell interactions and their role in rheumatoid arthritis

“…They are also capable of post-translational automodification of their mRNAs following release from megakaryocytes via activation by molecular signals common to oxidative or haemostatic pathways [67]. They enhance vascular permeability and release MPs, which have been implicated in aiding the formation of immune complexes via autoantigen expression [68,69].…”