The planet beyond the plume hypothesis

Smith, A. D.; Lewis, Charles

doi:10.1016/s0012-8252(99)00049-5

Cited by 80 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 287 publications

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“…The origin of intra-plate magmatism on the African continent (and elsewhere in the world, e.g., Smith and Lewis, 1999) is still a topic of great contention. Some workers such as Halliday et al (1990), Wilson and Guiraud (1992), Lee et al (1994) and Ebinger and Sleep (1998) link it to the role of mantle plumes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to him, that extensional stress developed as part of the local stress field at the rightangled bend (Emery and Uchupi, 1984) in the Cameroon continental margin. Indeed, the location and azimuth of the two lines overprint Pan-African paleo-sutures marked by the alignment of synkinematic granites onshore and by the fact that the opening of the South Atlantic followed the Pan-African suture of the Adamastor Ocean, West of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Smith and Lewis, 1999); therefore indicating the role of rejuvenation of Precambrian faults during Cretaceous time in the emplacement of the CL. For Lee et al (1994), the CL originates from a sublithospheric enriched ''hot zone'' periodically fed and melted deep mantle plumes, and this zone of hotter mantle represents reactivated mantle previously enriched during the breakup of the South Atlantic in the Mesozoic.…”

Section: Controls By Lithospheric Fracturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The North–South Paleozoic to Quaternary trend of alkaline magmatism from Niger–Nigeria to Cameroon: Complex interaction between hotspots and Precambrian faults

Ngako

Njonfang

Aka

et al. 2006

Journal of African Earth Sciences

163

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Controls By Lithospheric Fracturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The North–South Paleozoic to Quaternary trend of alkaline magmatism from Niger–Nigeria to Cameroon: Complex interaction between hotspots and Precambrian faults

Ngako

Njonfang

Aka

et al. 2006

Journal of African Earth Sciences

163

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“…For example, in the mantle plume model (e.g., Richards et al, 1989;Campbell and Griffiths, 1990), EM can represent an upwelling deep mantle plume and the MORB source can represent mantle entrained by the plume or it can be lower oceanic lithosphere under an island. In nonplume models (e.g., Smith, 1993;Anderson, 1995Anderson, , 1996Smith and Lewis, 1999), EM can represent detached continental lithospheric mantle or a shallow "perisphere," whereas the MORB source can be the oceanic lithosphere or sub-perispheric convecting mantle. Our model postulates metasomatism of EM by low-degree partial melts of the MORB source.…”

Section: A Partial Melting-mixing Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry of Lavas from Mauritius, Indian Ocean: Mantle Sources and Petrogenesis

Sheth

Mahoney

Baxter

2003

International Geology Review

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Trace-element and Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic data for mafic lavas from the Mascarene island of Mauritius reveal that the shield-stage Older Series (with 143 are strongly enriched in highly incompatible elements relative to moderately incompatible ones (e.g., chondrite-normalized La/Lu = 4.03-17.8 vs. 9.38-10.2 for the Older Series), but the Younger Series lavas display much less relative enrichment (e.g., chondrite-normalized La/Lu = 3.86-5.37) and have low concentrations of incompatible elements. Modeling suggests that variable partial melting and mixing between mid-ocean-ridge-basalt (MORB) source mantle and mantle with bulk-Earth-like Nd and Sr isotopic and incompatible-element ratios, and "C"-like Pb isotope ratios, can explain the general relationship between the shield and post-shield lavas. All Mauritius and Réunion lavas can be explained as 2-8% partial melts of a bulk-Earth-like source that had been 1.5-0.25% metasomatized by a 0.1% MORB-source melt. The range in Pb isotopic compositions requires mixing with highly variable Sr/Pb and Nd/Pb ratios in the end members; such variation, however, is not supported by measured Sr/Pb, Nd/Pb, etc. in the lavas. Some isotopic heterogeneity thus appears to be required in the end members and/or much of the range in Pb isotopes represents radiogenic ingrowth since the metasomatic event. Near-constant 207 Pb/ 204 Pb values over the range of 206 Pb/ 204 Pb among the Older Series lavas suggest that the metasomatic event must have occurred within the last few hundred million years.

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“…However, at variance to this scheme, the time-space migration of magmatic lines from Jos Plateau (ca 200 Ma) to the CL (ca 60 Ma) suggests an opening of the Gulf of Guinea spreading ridge from NW to the SE. The origin of intra-plate magmatism on the African continent (and elsewhere in the world, e.g., Smith & Lewis, 1999) is still a topic of great contention. Some workers (e.g.…”

Section: Continental Breaking and Possible Links With Magmatic Chainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plates Amalgamation and Plate Destruction, the Western Gondwana History

Ngako¹,

Njonfang²

2011

Tectonics

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Tectonics 4This study involves modern structural analysis and concepts (phase chronology, strain analysis, deformation and kinematics), petrology (metamorphic parageneses and phase equilibrium, relation with deformation, geothermobarometry), geochemistry (major and trace elements) and geochronology. Data from regional literature including geophysical data are also abundantly used for synthesis and re-interpretation. The most important achievements include: 1. A new tectonic model for the Pan-African/Brasiliano belts; this model includes many original aspects and developments with regards to the collisional setting, tectonics, metamorphic and magmatic processes. In particular, a three-plate model is proposed, and the role of the asthenosphere on crustal melting and reactivation during collision is emphasized. 2. Evidence of a tectonic indent in the central Nigeria-Cameroon domain, inferred from the regional strain field; indentation in central-west Africa strongly suggests that the East Saharan Block (ESB) evolved originally as a rigid prong prior to crustal melting, batholiths emplacement and subsequent dismantling of the prong during the late PanAfrican evolution. 3. Clear distinction between Pan-African and Post Pan-African tectonic and magmatic processes which raises the question on the relevance of integrating Phanerozoic lithospheric structures inferred from geophysical data (gravity, seismic tomography, etc.) in the interpretation and reconstruction of the Pan-African tectonic evolution. Future research would be focused on the Central Cameroon Shear Zone (CCSZ) kinematics and the characterization of vestiges of the dismantled SFCC/ESB cratons and hypothetic pre-tectonic boundaries.

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The planet beyond the plume hypothesis

Cited by 80 publications

References 287 publications

The North–South Paleozoic to Quaternary trend of alkaline magmatism from Niger–Nigeria to Cameroon: Complex interaction between hotspots and Precambrian faults

The North–South Paleozoic to Quaternary trend of alkaline magmatism from Niger–Nigeria to Cameroon: Complex interaction between hotspots and Precambrian faults

Geochemistry of Lavas from Mauritius, Indian Ocean: Mantle Sources and Petrogenesis

Plates Amalgamation and Plate Destruction, the Western Gondwana History

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