The Placenta as a Research Biospecimen

Ryan, Jane Greene; Davis, Renee; Bloch, Joan Rosen

doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.2012.01420.x

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Medical research seeks to understand the causes of many types of obstetric diseases, including pre-eclampsia, high blood pressure, diabetes, as well as a range of other conditions that could lead to complications of pregnancy or affect the growth and development of the unborn baby. 84 – 86 To better understand why and when complications occur, and how best to respond to them, researchers may collect biological samples from women who fit a research study’s eligibility criteria. Good practice dictates that researchers seek the informed consent from each pregnant woman prior to collecting biological samples and relevant data.…”

Section: Case Studies: Can Relational Autonomy Help?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond individualism: Is there a place for relational autonomy in clinical practice and research?

et al. 2017

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The dominant, individualistic understanding of autonomy that features in clinical practice and research is underpinned by the idea that people are, in their ideal form, independent, self-interested and rational gain-maximising decision-makers. In recent decades, this paradigm has been challenged from various disciplinary and intellectual directions. Proponents of ‘relational autonomy’ in particular have argued that people’s identities, needs, interests – and indeed autonomy – are always also shaped by their relations to others. Yet, despite the pronounced and nuanced critique directed at an individualistic understanding of autonomy, this critique has had very little effect on ethical and legal instruments in clinical practice and research so far. In this article, we use four case studies to explore to what extent, if at all, relational autonomy can provide solutions to ethical and practical problems in clinical practice and research. We conclude that certain forms of relational autonomy can have a tangible and positive impact on clinical practice and research. These solutions leave the ultimate decision to the person most affected, but encourage and facilitate the consideration of this person’s care and responsibility for connected others.

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Section: Case Studies: Can Relational Autonomy Help?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond individualism: Is there a place for relational autonomy in clinical practice and research?

et al. 2017

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“…In this context, characteristic biomolecular signatures measured in humans may be considered biomarkers -which can be a chemical or its metabolite -biomolecules, or the product of an interaction between a substance and a target molecule or cell (World Health Organization 2010). The measurement of placental -omics markers can provide useful insights on gestational exposure effects, susceptibility, and disease risk of the neonate (Fowler 2012;Ryan et al 2012). Despite the fact that several changes in -omics fields have been characterized in placental tissue in association with air pollution exposure, two fieldsmetabolomics (discussed below) and exposomics -could not be sufficiently covered in the context of this systematic review because of the lack of studies on these topics.…”

Section: Placental -Omics Signatures Of Prenatal Air Pollution Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Air pollution and the fetal origin of disease: A systematic review of the molecular signatures of air pollution exposure in human placenta

Luyten

Saenen

Janssen

et al. 2018

Environmental Research

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“…Other relevant biomarkers were considered during the development of this pilot study but were either known to be unstable when refrigerated or required quantification techniques beyond the scope of this pilot study. For example, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is associated with preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction (FGR), chorioamnionitis, and preterm birth; TGF-β is associated with IUGR; and RANTES is associated with preterm birth [ 4 ], but these three biomarkers were shown to be unstable in blood stored for 4 hours at 4°C [ 9 ]. Placental growth factor is stable in serum for up to 3.3 days at room temperature and at least 30 days when refrigerated [ 14 ].…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, examination of placental specimens in large scale studies of important pregnancy complications presents an opportunity for novel study. In particular, various inflammatory biomarkers have been linked with maternal and neonatal health complications [ 4 ]. For example, IL-10 has been associated with various placenta-mediated disorders, including fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, recurrent pregnancy loss, and placental abruption [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, various inflammatory biomarkers have been linked with maternal and neonatal health complications [ 4 ]. For example, IL-10 has been associated with various placenta-mediated disorders, including fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, recurrent pregnancy loss, and placental abruption [ 4 ]. Additionally, TNF-α is significantly elevated in women with preeclampsia [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pilot study of placental tissue collection, processing, and measurement procedures for large scale assessment of placental inflammation

et al. 2018

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BackgroundPlacental dysfunction is related to many pregnancy complications, but collecting placental specimens for investigation in large scale epidemiologic studies is often infeasible. Standard procedures involving immediate collection after birth and snap freezing are often cost prohibitive. We aimed to collect pilot data regarding the feasibility and precision of a simpler approach, the collection of tissue samples following 24 hours of refrigeration of whole placentae at 4°C, as compared to the “gold standard” of snap freezing excised tissue within 40 minutes of delivery for the assessment of inflammatory cytokines.MethodsPlacentae were collected from 12 women after delivering live-born singleton babies via uncomplicated vaginal delivery. Two placentae were utilized to establish laboratory tissue processing and assay protocols. The other 10 placentae were utilized in a comparison of three tissue collection conditions. Specifically, key inflammatory cytokines were measured in 3 sections, representing three collection conditions. Sections 1 (full thickness) and 2 (excised prior to freezing) were obtained within 40 minutes of delivery and snap frozen in liquid nitrogen, and section 3 (full thickness) was obtained after refrigerating the placenta at 4°C for 24 hours.ResultsIL-6, IL-10, and IL-8 all had comparable concentrations and variability overall in all three section types. Levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were too low among samples to reliably measure using immunoassay.ConclusionsRefrigeration of placentae prior to processing does not appear to compromise detection of these cytokines for purposes of large scale studies. These findings provide a framework and preliminary data for the study of inflammatory cytokines within the placenta in large scale and/or resource-limited settings.

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The Placenta as a Research Biospecimen

Cited by 5 publications

References 40 publications

Beyond individualism: Is there a place for relational autonomy in clinical practice and research?

Beyond individualism: Is there a place for relational autonomy in clinical practice and research?

Air pollution and the fetal origin of disease: A systematic review of the molecular signatures of air pollution exposure in human placenta

Pilot study of placental tissue collection, processing, and measurement procedures for large scale assessment of placental inflammation

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