The Pig as a Model for Human Nutrition

Miller, E. R.; Ullrey, D. E.

doi:10.1146/annurev.nu.07.070187.002045

Cited by 579 publications

(308 citation statements)

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“…The pig as a model animal for studying intestinal DC has the advantage of an omnivorous gut physiology and morphology, similar to humans [21]. Additionally, the animals in our experiments are outbred, and conventionally fed and managed, thus closely resembling natural conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A similar model is well established in rats, where DC emigrating from the intestinal wall are accessed by cannulation of the thoracic duct [9,[18][19][20]. However, the pig as a model animal offers the advantage of an omnivorous gut physiology and morphology, more comparable to humans than that of rodents [21]. Furthermore, the severe stress effects of a restraining cage so far essential in rodents can be avoided in pigs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Site‐specific expression of CD11b and SIRPα (CD172a) on dendritic cells: implications for their migration patterns in the gut immune system

et al. 2005

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Dendritic cells (DC) in the intestinal tract play a major role in directing the mucosal immune system towards tolerance or immunity. We analyzed whether different mucosal DC subsets in pigs have specific functions, localizations, or migration patterns in vivo. Therefore, we collected physiologically migrating DC by pseudo-afferent cannulation of the intestinal duct in eight Göttingen minipigs. Lymph DC were phenotypically and functionally characterized and compared to DC found on histological sections of porcine small intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). Four different DC subpopulations were detected. Lamina propria (LP) DC were mainly CD11b + signal regulatory protein a (SIRPa) + , DC in Peyer's patches were mainly CD11b -/SIRPa + in subepithelial domes and CD11b -/SIRPa -in interfollicular regions, whereas MLN DC were largely CD11b + /SIRPa -. Of these four subsets, only the CD11b + /SIRPa + DC and the CD11b + / SIRPa -DC were present in lymph. This suggests that DC migration to MLN largely originates from the LP. Lymph DC expressed high levels of MHC class II and costimulatory molecules and had a low capacity for FITC-dextran uptake, indicating a mature phenotype. However, lymph DC did not induce PBMC proliferation in MLR, and migration was not significantly influenced by mucosal antigen application.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Site‐specific expression of CD11b and SIRPα (CD172a) on dendritic cells: implications for their migration patterns in the gut immune system

et al. 2005

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“…The prepatent period is 41 to 45 days and the parasite has a life-span seldom exceeding four to five months (Powers et al, 1960). Pigs are often used as models for human helminth infections because of similarities with respect to digestive anatomy and many aspects of physiology (Miller & Ullrey, 1987). Trichuris suis is very similar to the human whipworm T. trichiura with respect to life-cycle and morphology (Beer, 1976).…”

Section: Mots Clés : Trichuris Suis Trichure Porc Résistance Liée mentioning

confidence: 99%

Host age influence on the intensity of experimentalTrichuris suisinfection in pigs

Pedersen¹,

Saeed²

2002

Parasite

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Summary:The impact of age-related resistance on the regulation of population dynamics of adult Trichuris suis was investigated in an experimental pig model. Helminth-naive pigs varying in age from five weeks to four years were infected with T. suis to determine susceptibility to infection. Sows had a significantly lower establishment of adult T. suis worms compared with weaner pigs. Adult worm populations were highly overdispersed in both sows and grower pigs contrasted by a more even distribution among weaner pigs. Sows had significantly lower worm fecundities compared to weaner and grower pigs; T. suis from grower pigs, in turn, had reduced fecundity compared to worms in weaner pigs. In conclusion, we provide the first controlled experimental evidence that age-related resistance to 7". suis occurs in pigs. KEY WORDS :Trichuris suis, whipworm, pig, age-related resistance, single infection. Résumé:

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“…Mechanistic studies in animal models are an important tool for evaluating this relation in vivo. Because of the many similarities between pigs and humans with regard to nutrition physiology [26,27,28,29], and the well-described biology [16,17,18,30,31,32,33,34,35,36] and relatively small size of the Göttingen minipig [37,38], this strain of pigs offers major advantages, allowing in vivo studies in the conscious, unrestrained animal during basal and post prandial conditions. In our study, the ability to predict pancreatic insulin release based on jugular vein sampling, even in animals with reduced insulin concentrations due to anaesthesia, means that extensive abdominal surgery to obtain portal vein sampling can be avoided.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, there are special considerations of animal welfare and ethics when using primates, thereby favouring the use of other species when possible. The pig shares many similarities with humans with regard to nutrition requirements and physiology of digestion and metabolism [26,27,28,29], therefore it is very relevant for studies of fasting and postprandial glucose metabolism. The Göttingen minipig offers many advantages in this context because of its well described biology, including general characteristics such as clinical chemistry and haematology [30,31,32] as well as its glucose and lipid metabolism in normal animals [17,18,33,34] and after induction of diabetes [16,17] or challenge with high-fat diets [18,34,35,36].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The conscious Göttingen minipig as a model for studying rapid pulsatile insulin secretion in vivo

Elander

Sturis

et al. 2002

Diabetologia

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Aims/hypothesis. Pulsatile secretion is important for insulin action and suitable animal models are important tools for examining the role of impaired pulsatile insulin secretion as a possible link between beta-cell mass, function and morphology and insulin resistance. This study examines the vascular sampling site, insulin kinetics, pulsatility and the response to glucose pulse entrainment to evaluate the Göttingen minipig as a model for studying pulsatile insulin secretion. Methods. Basal and glucose entrained insulin secretion was examined in normal minipigs and evaluated by autocorrelation, cross correlation and deconvolution. Results. Cross correlation showed a relation between oscillations in insulin concentrations in the portal and jugular vein in anaesthetised animals (p<0.001 in all animals), confirming the usefulness of jugular vein sampling for pulse detection. Jugular vein sampling in conscious animals showed obvious oscillations allowing estimates of burst shape and insulin kinetics. Glucose entrainment improved the pulsatile pattern (autocorrelation: 0.555±0.148 entrained vs 0. 350±0.197 basal, p=0.054). Deconvolution analysis resolved almost all insulin release as secretory bursts (69±20 basal vs 99.5±1.2% entrained, p<0.01) with a pulse interval (min) of 6.6±2.2 (basal) and 9.4±1.5 (entrained) (p<0.05) and a pulse mass (pmol/l per pulse) which was higher after entrainment (228±117 vs 41.2±18.6 basal, p<0.001). Conclusion/interpretation. The ability to fit kinetic parameters directly by deconvolution of peripheral endogenous insulin concentration time series in combination with the suitability of jugular vein sampling, rapid kinetics and entrainability makes the Göttingen minipig ideal for mechanistic studies of insulin pulsatility and its effects on insulin action. [Diabetologia (2002[Diabetologia ( ) 45:1389[Diabetologia ( -1396 Keywords Pulsatile insulin secretion, insulin kinetics, deconvolution, in vivo model, insulin action. dent) diabetes mellitus is characterized by defects in both insulin secretion and action, impaired pulsatile secretion could be an important link between beta-cell malfunction and impaired insulin action [8]. When addressing the cause of these impairments in humans, studies are often influenced by long-term impaired metabolism, and therefore demonstrate that defects could be secondary. This problem can, to some extent, be circumvented by studying first degree relatives of diabetic patients who are at risk of the disease but are still not affected by the effects of hyperglycaemia [9]. However, animal models are a valuable research tool for examining the relation between beta-cell mass, function and morphology on the one hand and insulin It is well documented that insulin concentrations show large amplitude oscillations in the peripheral circulation with a periodicity of 5 to 15 min [1,2,3], and it has been shown that these oscillations are of importance for insulin action in liver [4], muscle [5,6] and adipose tissues [7]. Since Type II (non-insulin-depen-

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The Pig as a Model for Human Nutrition

Cited by 579 publications

References 56 publications

Site‐specific expression of CD11b and SIRPα (CD172a) on dendritic cells: implications for their migration patterns in the gut immune system

Site‐specific expression of CD11b and SIRPα (CD172a) on dendritic cells: implications for their migration patterns in the gut immune system

Host age influence on the intensity of experimentalTrichuris suisinfection in pigs

The conscious Göttingen minipig as a model for studying rapid pulsatile insulin secretion in vivo

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