The Phytogeography of Australia (In Relation to Radiation of Eucalyptus, Acacia, Etc.)

Wood, JG

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-6295-3_18

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Mediterranean climates are developed only on the western sides of continents between subtropical deserts and temperate regions, onshore from cold-water currents which are dependent on the existence of polar icecaps (Raven, 1973b). Since glaciation in Antarctica is now considered to have begun about 25 million years BP (Rarrett, 1975), Mediterranean climates may have existed in the Southern Hemisphere from well before the Pleistocene; even so they would be considerably more recent than the origins of genera characteristic of the sclerophyllous vegetation (see also Wood, 1959). The diversification of the sclerophyllous genera in both Australia and southern Africa is so great that it must have taken place over much of the Tertiary at least.…”

Section: Nutrition Climate and The Southern Hemisphere Sclerophyllstmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Proteaceae-the evolution and classification of a southern family*

Johnson

Briggs

1975

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

310

288

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A scheme of phylogeny in the Proteaceae is derived from analysis of new and previously available data on morphological, anatomical and chromosomal characters. The probable attributes of a common ancestor are indicated and it is concluded that the family has no close relatives, although it possibly diverged early from the Rosiflorean line. Chromosomal evolution has been complex, with early polyploidy, repeated dysploid reductions and great change in chromosome size, from a probable base of x = 7. Habit, wood anatomy, leaf form and sequence, chemical features, inflorescences, pollination and pericarp anatomy are discussed in relation to adaptation, phylogeny, parallelism and convergence. Distribution is analysed ecogeographically and in relation to the fossil record and chronology of continental movement. Ancestors of major groups may have differentiated before the break‐up of Gondwanaland. Early members of almost all tribes were probably trees of mesothermic closed forests; xeromorphic characters found in many modern genera are secondary and of multiple origin in Australia, South Africa, New Caledonia and to a lesser degree in South America. The Proteaceae, with 75 genera, are divided into 5 subfamilies (3 new) comprising 14 tribes, further subdivided into 33 units of subtribal level. New genera described are Toronia, Acidonia, Pycnonia, Triunia, Malagasia, Athertonia, Virotia, Floydia.

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Section: Nutrition Climate and The Southern Hemisphere Sclerophyllstmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Proteaceae-the evolution and classification of a southern family*

Johnson

Briggs

1975

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

310

288

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“…8a,b). Amorbus rhombifer also occurs in Papua New Guinea, where the eucalypt species include E. alba , E. deglupta , E. orophila , E. urophylla and E. wetarensis (Wood 1959; Ladiges 1997). Of these, only E. alba also occurs in Australia.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological biogeography of species of Gelonus, Acantholybas and Amorbus in Australia

et al. 2002

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Geographic ranges and host plants of 10 species of Australian coreid, Gelonus tasmanicus, Acantholybas brunneus, Amorbus alternatus, Am. atomarius, Am. biguttatus, Am. bispinus, Am. obscuricornis, Am. rhombifer, Am. robustus and Am. rubiginosus, were summarized using data from specimen collection labels and sampling. One process (CLIMEX) and two correlative range‐modelling programs (BIOCLIM and DOMAIN) were used to infer the bioclimatic profiles of each species. By inference from the maximum range predictions made by CLIMEX, the suggestion that G. tasmanicus, Am. atomarius and Am. obscuricornis are temperate species was supported. Similarly, the suggestions that Ac. brunneus was a subtropical species and Am. biguttatus and Am. rhombifer are predominantly tropical species were supported. That Am. alternatus, Am. robustus and Am. rubiginosus are apparently ubiquitous species was supported. Comparison of the bioclimatic profiles of the habitats of G. tasmanicus and Am. obscuricornis within Tasmania using BIOCLIM supported information available in the published literature, that is, that G. tasmanicus is better suited to sites at higher elevations than Am. obscuricornis. In addition, the suggestion that the regions of high Amorbus species endemism should overlap with regions of high eucalypt species endemism was also supported. This finding is taken as evidence that the evolutionary radiation of Amorbus has followed that of the eucalypts. Using these models we have obtained preliminary insights into the biology of each species and the environmental characteristics of their preferred climatic envelope. This is an achievement that might never have been attained through concentrated study given that these insects can vary from being rare to, at best, locally common in occurrence.

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“…Most, but not all, acacias are xerophytic and are common in scrublands and in almost waterless situations in Australia. Australia contains about 600 of the 700 known species of Acacia (Wood 1959). The pollen is easily recognised and can be confused only with Inga, a native of the West Indies and tropical America (Cookson 1954), and a few other genera not found naturally in Australia or New Zealand at the present time.…”

Section: Inferences On Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

Palynology of theAcacia-bearing beds in the Komako district, Pohangina Valley, North Island, New Zealand

Mildenhall

1975

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

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In the Pohangina Valley, north of Ashhurst, upper Nukumaruan-Okehuan sediments, underlain by limestones, mudstones, and sandstones and overlain by sands containing marine fossils, contain pollen of Acacia (represented by its form genus Acaciapollenites) throughout a minimum thickness of 90 m. Ecologically the pollen assemblages consist of coastal swamp sedges together with scrub and grassland species. Inference of a coastal environment is supported by the presence of dinoflagellate cysts of Spiniferites. Tree pollen is relatively rare and trees may have been restricted to the surrounding hills (Ruahine Range). The presence of Acacia and the paucity of tree pollen indicate dry, cool to mild conditions. It is suspected that such conditions extended well north of the study area during late Nukumaruan-Okehuan time.Acacia appeared in New Zealand during the Pliocene, became prominent in the late Pliocene-early Pleistocene, and then became extinct.

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The Phytogeography of Australia (In Relation to Radiation of Eucalyptus, Acacia, Etc.)

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

On the Proteaceae-the evolution and classification of a southern family*

On the Proteaceae-the evolution and classification of a southern family*

Ecological biogeography of species of Gelonus, Acantholybas and Amorbus in Australia

Palynology of theAcacia-bearing beds in the Komako district, Pohangina Valley, North Island, New Zealand

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