The Physiological Profile of a Multiple Tour de France Winning Cyclist

Bell, Phillip G.; Furber, Matthew; Someren, Ken A. van; Antón-Solanas, Ana; Swart, Jeroen

doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001068

Cited by 54 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Then, the power that each rower achieved at the anaerobic threshold (WAT), at 4 mmol (W4) and 8 mmol (W8) was extrapolated. For the WAT calculation, the D-max method was used [44,45].…”

Section: Determination Of Thresholdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ten Weeks of Creatine Monohydrate Plus HMB Supplementation on Athletic Performance Tests in Elite Male Endurance Athletes

et al. 2020

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Creatine monohydrate (CrM) and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) are common ergogenic aids in the field of sports and are frequently used in an isolated way. However, there are a few studies that have investigated the effect of combining both supplements on different variables related to performance, with controversial results. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and the degree of potentiation of 10 weeks of CrM plus HMB supplementation on sports performance, which was measured by an incremental test to exhaustion in elite male traditional rowers. In this placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, 10-week study, participants (n = 28) were randomized to a placebo group (PLG; n = 7), CrM group (0.04 g/kg/day of CrM; n = 7), HMB group (3 g/day of HMB; n = 7) and CrM-HMB group (0.04 g/kg/day of CrM plus 3 g/day of HMB; n = 7). Before and after 10 weeks of different treatments, an incremental test was performed on a rowing ergometer to calculate the power that each rower obtained at the anaerobic threshold (WAT), and at 4 mmol (W4) and 8 mmol (W8) of blood lactate concentration. There were no significant differences in WAT and W4 among groups or in body composition. However, it was observed that the aerobic power achieved at W8 was significantly higher in the CrM-HMB group than in the PLG, CrM and HMB groups (p < 0.001; η2p = 0.766). Likewise, a synergistic effect of combined supplementation was found for the sum of the two supplements separately at WAT (CrM-HMBG = 403.19% vs. CrMG+HMBG = 337.52%), W4 (CrM-HMBG = 2736.17% vs. CrMG+HMBG = 1705.32%) and W8 (CrM-HMBG = 1293.4% vs. CrMG+HMBG = 877.56%). In summary, CrM plus HMB supplementation over 10 weeks showed a synergistic effect on aerobic power (measured as WAT, W4, and W8) during an incremental test but had no influence muscle mass.

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“…Then, the power that each rower achieved at the anaerobic threshold (WAT), at 4 mmol (W4) and 8 mmol (W8) was extrapolated. For the WAT calculation, the D-max method was used [44,45].…”

Section: Determination Of Thresholdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ten Weeks of Creatine Monohydrate Plus HMB Supplementation on Athletic Performance Tests in Elite Male Endurance Athletes

et al. 2020

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“…Based on a recent report of performance testing in a world-class cyclist (Bell, Furber, Someren, Anton-Solanas, & Swart, 2017), a 15 min rest period was provided between submaximal and maximal (VO 2 max) treadmill exercise testing. The VO 2 max test was administered in 2-min stages at 0% grade, beginning at 80 m/min and working up to the velocity at lactate threshold (295 m/min).…”

Section: Submaximal and Maximal Oxygen Consumption (Vo 2 Max) Exercmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid gut microbiome changes in a world‐class ultramarathon runner

2019

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In 2007 the National Institutes of Health launched the Human Microbiome Project (HMP), an interdisciplinary research initiative seeking to characterize the contribution of human gut microbiota to health and disease (Turnbaugh et al., 2007). Subsequent findings have demonstrated compelling relationships between human gut microbiome composition and many leading causes of death worldwide including cardiovascular disease (Wang et al., 2011), diabetes (Larsen et al., 2010), and cancer (Ahn et al., 2013). Although the gut microbiome is suggested to exhibit exceptional plasticity (Gomez et al., 2019), a detailed understanding of the factors determining human microbiome assembly is lacking (Relman, 2015).

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“…Case studies reported training organization of ultra-endurance athletes in running, triathlon, cross-country skiing and cycling [1][2][3][4]. In these case studies, the athletes put in more than 1 500 h yearly, with an average of 14 ± 2 sessions per week [1,3,4]. Very high yearly training volumes have been observed for cyclists: 24 000 km [5], runners: 10 000 km [6], and swimmers: 3 500 km [7], corresponding to 28 ± 3 h per week.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Training Organization, Physiological Profile and Heart Rate Variability Changes in an Open-water World Champion

et al. 2019

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This case study reports the training of an elite 25-km open-water swimmer and the daily heart rate variability (HRV) changes during the 19-week period leading to his world champion title. Training load was collected every day and resting HRV was recorded every morning. The swimmer’s characteristics were V̇O2max: 58.5 ml·min−1·kg−1, maximal heart rate: 178 beats per minute, and maximal ventilation: 170 L·min−1. Weekly training volume was 85±21 km, 39±8% was at [La]b<2 mmol · L−1 (Z1), 53±8% was at [La]b 2–4 mmol·L−1 (Z2), and 8±4% was at [La]b>4 mmol·L−1 (Z3). In the supine position, the increase in training volume and Z2 training were related to increases in rMSSD and HF. In the standing position, an increase in parasympathetic activity and decrease in sympathetic activity were observed when Z1 training increased. Seasonal changes indicated higher values in the LF/HF ratio during taper, whereas higher values in parasympathetic indices were observed in heavy workload periods. This study reports extreme load of an elite ultra-endurance swimmer. Improvements in parasympathetic indices with increasing Z2 volume indicate that this training zone was useful to improve cardiac autonomic activity, whereas Z1 training reduced sympathetic activity.

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The Physiological Profile of a Multiple Tour de France Winning Cyclist

Cited by 54 publications

References 42 publications

Effect of Ten Weeks of Creatine Monohydrate Plus HMB Supplementation on Athletic Performance Tests in Elite Male Endurance Athletes

Effect of Ten Weeks of Creatine Monohydrate Plus HMB Supplementation on Athletic Performance Tests in Elite Male Endurance Athletes

Rapid gut microbiome changes in a world‐class ultramarathon runner

Training Organization, Physiological Profile and Heart Rate Variability Changes in an Open-water World Champion

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