Rapid gut microbiome changes in a world‐class ultramarathon runner

Grosicki, Gregory J.; Durk, Ryan P.; Bagley, James R.

doi:10.14814/phy2.14313

Cited by 48 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Specifically, Keohane et al reported that the Shannon index of gut microbiota increased for four male athletes, with an average age 26.5 years, upon completing a 4998.55-kilometer east-west transatlantic rowing race [28]. Grosicki et al found that the Shannon index of gut microbiota increased for a world-class ultramarathon runner with aged 32 years after completing the 163 km mountain race [29]. One study showed that alpha diversity of gut microbiota for 13 swimmers had a significant increase in Shannon index and inverse Simpson index after daily swimming training for 6 weeks [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of an 8-week Exercise Training on Gut Microbiota in Physically Inactive Older Women

Zhong

Yang

et al. 2020

Int J Sports Med

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Exercise can alter the composition of gut microbiota. However, studies examining the effects of exercise on gut microbiota in the elderly are lacking. This study aims to investigate whether an 8-week exercise training affect gut microbiota in physically inactive elderly women. Fourteen women were randomly assigned to either exercise group or control group. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to reveal changes in gut microbiota. Alpha diversity did not change significantly. A tendency to form 2 clusters was observed for operational taxonomic units (OTU) after intervention. At phylum, class, and order levels, a significant difference was observed between two groups for Fusobacteria (F=5.257, P=0.045), Betaproteobacteria (F=5.149, P=0.047), and Bifidobacteriales (F=7.624, P=0.020). A significant interaction was observed between two groups for Actinobacteria (F=8.434, P=0.016). At family and genus levels, a signiﬁcant main effect of groups was observed in Bifidobacteriaceae (F=7.624, P=0.020), Bifidobacterium (F=7.404, P=0.022), and Gemmiger (F=5.881, P=0.036). These findings indicate that an 8-week exercise training may induce partial changes in relative abundance and OTU clustering of gut microbiota in physically inactive elderly women. Also, exercise may increase the abundance of bacteria associated with anti-inflammation such as Verrucomicrobia, reduce the abundance of bacteria associated with pro-inflammation such as Proteobacteria

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of an 8-week Exercise Training on Gut Microbiota in Physically Inactive Older Women

Zhong

Yang

et al. 2020

Int J Sports Med

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“…These findings may be in part due to beneficial effects of exercise on the gut biome [ 167 , 168 ]. Gut biome changes are typically associated with improvements in microbiota diversity, inflammatory markers, metabolic profiles, and immune responses [ 167 – 169 ].…”

Section: Long-term Health Implications: Key Aspects By Organ Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Long-Term Health Problems Associated with Ultra-Endurance Running: A Narrative Review

Scheer¹,

Tiller

Doutreleau

et al. 2021

Sports Med

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It is well established that physical activity reduces all-cause mortality and can prolong life. Ultra-endurance running (UER) is an extreme sport that is becoming increasingly popular, and comprises running races above marathon distance, exceeding 6 h, and/or running fixed distances on multiple days. Serious acute adverse events are rare, but there is mounting evidence that UER may lead to long-term health problems. The purpose of this review is to present the current state of knowledge regarding the potential long-term health problems derived from UER, specifically potential maladaptation in key organ systems, including cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, renal, immunological, gastrointestinal, neurological, and integumentary systems. Special consideration is given to youth, masters, and female athletes, all of whom may be more susceptible to certain long-term health issues. We present directions for future research into the pathophysiological mechanisms that underpin athlete susceptibility to long-term issues. Although all body systems can be affected by UER, one of the clearest effects of endurance exercise is on the cardiovascular system, including right ventricular dysfunction and potential increased risk of arrhythmias and hypertension. There is also evidence that rare cases of acute renal injury in UER could lead to progressive renal scarring and chronic kidney disease. There are limited data specific to female athletes, who may be at greater risk of certain UER-related health issues due to interactions between energy availability and sex-hormone concentrations. Indeed, failure to consider sex differences in the design of female-specific UER training programs may have a negative impact on athlete longevity. It is hoped that this review will inform risk stratification and stimulate further research about UER and the implications for long-term health.

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“…To date, the majority of research on this topic has sought to characterize the effects of aerobic exercise on the microbiome [ 171 , 172 , 173 , 174 ]. Among these studies, three notable alterations in the gut microbiome have been consistently observed: (1) Increased biodiversity, (2) Greater production of SCFA’s, such as butyrate, and (3) Enhanced gut motility [ 171 , 172 , 173 , 174 , 175 ].…”

Section: Lifestyle Factors Contributing To Age-related Microbiome mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for the Contribution of Gut Microbiota to Age-Related Anabolic Resistance

2021

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Globally, people 65 years of age and older are the fastest growing segment of the population. Physiological manifestations of the aging process include undesirable changes in body composition, declines in cardiorespiratory fitness, and reductions in skeletal muscle size and function (i.e., sarcopenia) that are independently associated with mortality. Decrements in muscle protein synthetic responses to anabolic stimuli (i.e., anabolic resistance), such as protein feeding or physical activity, are highly characteristic of the aging skeletal muscle phenotype and play a fundamental role in the development of sarcopenia. A more definitive understanding of the mechanisms underlying this age-associated reduction in anabolic responsiveness will help to guide promyogenic and function promoting therapies. Recent studies have provided evidence in support of a bidirectional gut-muscle axis with implications for aging muscle health. This review will examine how age-related changes in gut microbiota composition may impact anabolic response to protein feeding through adverse changes in protein digestion and amino acid absorption, circulating amino acid availability, anabolic hormone production and responsiveness, and intramuscular anabolic signaling. We conclude by reviewing literature describing lifestyle habits suspected to contribute to age-related changes in the microbiome with the goal of identifying evidence-informed strategies to preserve microbial homeostasis, anabolic sensitivity, and skeletal muscle with advancing age.

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Rapid gut microbiome changes in a world‐class ultramarathon runner

Cited by 48 publications

References 26 publications

Effect of an 8-week Exercise Training on Gut Microbiota in Physically Inactive Older Women

Effect of an 8-week Exercise Training on Gut Microbiota in Physically Inactive Older Women

Potential Long-Term Health Problems Associated with Ultra-Endurance Running: A Narrative Review

Evidence for the Contribution of Gut Microbiota to Age-Related Anabolic Resistance

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