The Physical, Chemical and Biological Effects of Crude Oil Spills on Black Spruce Forest, Interior Alaska

Jenkins, T F; Johnson, Lacey; Collins, Charles M.; McFadden, Terry T.

doi:10.14430/arctic2660

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…), blueberry (Eccinium uliginosurn L.) and willow (Salix sp.). The ground surface is covered with mosses and lichens with scattered (10%) cotton grass tussocks (Eriophorum vaginatum L.) (Jenkins et al, 1978;Johnson et al, 1980). The study area is underlain by permafrost, with an active layer thickness of 40-60 cm in undisturbed areas.…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rate and extent of oil flow downslope in each of the two spill plots were originally determined by probing the organic and soil layers on a 1 m grid with thin wood dowels. The presence of the crude oil was readily discerned by sight and smell on the bare wood of the dowel (Jenkins et al, 1978). We again used wood dowels to determine if there was any further downslope movement of the oil past the last mapped boundary.…”

Section: Physical Movement Of Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of these studies were short term, generally less than five years, and were usually small scale, on the order of a few square metres (Dickman and Lunardini, 1973;Wein and Bliss, 1973;Everett, 1978;Sexstone et al, 1978;Walker et al, 1978). Only the experimental spills at the Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed near Fairbanks, Alaska (Jenkins et al, 1978;Sparrow et al, 1978;Johnson et al, 1980) and Norman Wells, N.W.T. (Mackay et al, 1974a(Mackay et al, ,b, 1975Hutchinson et al,, 1976;Hutchinson and Freedman, 1978;Hutchinson, 1984) were large enough to simulate the impact expected from a pipeline failure, Only a few studies have looked at very long-term (more than ten years) effects of crude oil spills (e.g., Kershaw and Kershaw, 1986;Hutchinson, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each of the two experimental oil spills in Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed north of Fairbanks, Alaska, consisted of 7600 L of Prudhoe Bay crude oil, with one spi11 talung place in the winter (February 1976) and the other in the summer (July 1976) (Jenkins et al, 1978;Sparrow et al, 1978;Johnson et al, 1980). The purpose of the spills was to determine the fate and effect of crude oil spilled on the permafrost-underlain black spruce forest of interior Alaska.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The summer spill covered 303 m2, with only 10% of the area (30 m2) having visible surface oil (Johnson et al, 1980). The site was studied intensively prior to and for three years after the oil treatrnents (Jenkins et al, 1978;Sparrow et al, 1978;Johnson et al, 1980). After three years, average seasonal thaw depths to permafrost increased to about 70 cm in areas with oil-blackened surfaces versus 57 cm for the undisturbed control site.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

The Physical, Chemical, and Biological Effects of Crude Oil Spills after 15 Years on a Black Spruce Forest, Interior Alaska

Collins¹,

Racine²,

Walsh³

1994

ARCTIC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effects of two large experimental crude oil spills conducted in the winter and summer of 1976 in a permafrost-underlain black spruce forest of interior Alaska were assessed 15 years after the spills. Effects on permafrost, as determined from measurements of active layer thaw depths and of the total amount of ground subsidence, were far more pronounced on the winter spi11 due to a larger surface-oiled area. The winter spi11 also had a more drastic effect on the vegetation. Where the black, asphalt-like surface oil was present, black spruce mortality was 100% and there was very little live plant cover except for Cotton grass tussocks. Changes in oil chemistry varied with depth; surface samples had signs of microbiological degradation, whereas some subsurface samples taken just above the permafrost had no evidence of degradation and still contained volatile fractions. Key words: crude oil, spill, terrestrial, taiga, permafrost, black spruce forest, interior Alaska RÉSUMÉ. Quinze ans aprks avoir effectut deux grands dtversements exphimentaux de pttrole brut durant l'hiver et 1'Btb de 1976 dans une foret d'tpinettes noires reposant sur le pergtlisol de I'inttrieur de l'Alaska, on en a Bvalub les rbpercussions. Celles sur le pergdlisol, dttermintes d'aprbs les mesures de la profondeur de fonte du mollisol et de la subsidence totale du sol, Btaient beaucoup plus prononckes pour le dtversement ayant eu lieu en hiver, en raison de la plus grande superficie couverte de pktrole. Ce dtversement avait aussi eu des rtpercussions plus radicales sur la vtgttation. LB oh le pktrole de surface ressemblant B de l'asphalte &ait prdsent, le taux de mortalitd de I'kpinette noire &ait de 100 p. cent et le couvert vtgttal vivant ktait rare, mis B part des buttes de linaigrette de Scheuchzer. Les changements dans la composition chimique du pdtrole variaient avec la profondeur; les dchantillons de surface montraient des signes de dtgradation microbiologique, tandis que certains khantillons de subsurface prklevts juste au-dessus du pergtlisol ne montraient aucun signe de dtgradation et renfermaient encore des fractions volatiles. Mots clts : pttrole brut, dtversement, terrestre, foret borkale, pergblisol, for& d'bpinettes noires, int6rieur de l'Alaska Traduit pour Arctic par Ntsida Loyer.

show abstract

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical Movement Of Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Physical, Chemical, and Biological Effects of Crude Oil Spills after 15 Years on a Black Spruce Forest, Interior Alaska

Collins¹,

Racine²,

Walsh³

1994

ARCTIC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Novel Eco-friendly Mitigation Strategies for Managing Oil Spills and Municipal Waste Dump Site Leachates

Macaulay¹,

Aderibigbe²,

Ogunwole³

2018

Handbook of Ecomaterials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite the recent preference for renewable energy due to environmental and climate-related gains, the global demand for liquid petroleum has not declined. Quite a number of oil spill events are being reported regularly. Therefore, concerted efforts at ensuring the drastic minimization of associated environmental and health consequences are urgently required. In order to return an oil-polluted environment to its prepolluted state and to comply with local and international regulations, eco-friendly methods are being sought for oil spill management. As the number of humans on Earth continues to rise, the volume of municipal waste generated per human is increasing proportionately that makes eco-friendly mitigation strategies relevant and important to save the planet. Therefore, this chapter will briefly review the basic mechanisms and health and environmental impacts that tag spilled crude oil and municipal waste leachates as important environmental pollutants. Relatively recent studies on novel eco-friendly techniques designed to optimize the mitigation of oil spills and municipal waste leachates will be explored. In addition, novel strategies of extracting metals from leachates will be examined. This chapter provides both theoretical and practical ecofriendly solutions/recommendations to optimize the management of oil spills and dumpsite waste leachates, which require urgent global attention most especially in developing countries.

show abstract

Novel Eco-friendly Mitigation Strategies for Managing Oil Spills and Municipal Waste Dump Site Leachates

Macaulay

Aderibigbe

Ogunwole

2019

Handbook of Ecomaterials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Physical, Chemical and Biological Effects of Crude Oil Spills on Black Spruce Forest, Interior Alaska

Cited by 18 publications

References 17 publications

The Physical, Chemical, and Biological Effects of Crude Oil Spills after 15 Years on a Black Spruce Forest, Interior Alaska

The Physical, Chemical, and Biological Effects of Crude Oil Spills after 15 Years on a Black Spruce Forest, Interior Alaska

Novel Eco-friendly Mitigation Strategies for Managing Oil Spills and Municipal Waste Dump Site Leachates

Novel Eco-friendly Mitigation Strategies for Managing Oil Spills and Municipal Waste Dump Site Leachates

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About