The photopic negative response of the flash electroretinogram in retinal vein occlusion

Chen, Hongling; Wu, Dinghao; Huang, Shizhou; Hong, Ying

doi:10.1007/s10633-006-9015-z

Cited by 49 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The PhNR has been reported to reflect the RGC function and serves as a good indicator of severity of the damage of this retinal layer in several types of retinal diseases [10,11,12,13,14,15]. Our results showed that: (1) the PhNR is reduced in patients with CRAO, (2) a b/a ratio <1.0 was more frequently observed when the photopic ERG recordings were elicited by long-duration stimuli, (3) the degree of the reduction was correlated with the severity of the ocular ischemia, i.e., the amplitude decreased as the severity increased, and (4) the PhNR of the LF photopic ERG was relatively well preserved in eyes which attained a relatively good visual function following the CRAO.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The photopic negative response (PhNR) of the photopic ERG which originates from the neural activity of the RGCs has been used to assess the function of RGCs in experimental animals [9, 10] and in humans with retinal and optic nerve pathology [10,11,12,13,14,15]. The findings of these experiments prompted us to investigate the relationship of the PhNR of the photopic ERGs with the degree of circulatory disturbances in eyes with a CRAO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the earlier studies [10,11,12,13], the PhNR analysis was made in the recordings of photopic ERG that was elicited by a short stimulus (<6 ms), and the amplitude of the PhNR might be affected by the i-wave [16,17,18]. The photopic ERG using long-duration (150 ms) stimuli can minimize the influence of the i-wave, which is thought to be associated with the off component [10, 18, 19] of the photopic ERG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photopic Negative Response Reflects Severity of Ocular Circulatory Damage after Central Retinal Artery Occlusion

et al. 2009

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Purpose: To determine the relationship of the photopic negative response (PhNR) of the photopic electroretinogram (ERG) with the degree of circulatory disturbances in eyes following central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). Methods: The circulatory disturbance was graded as mild (group 1) when the arm-to-retina transmission time was <30 s, moderate (group 2) when the time was >30 s and severe (group 3) when concurrent choroidal circulatory damage was found. For statistical analysis, groups 1, 2 and 3 were scored as 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Photopic ERGs were elicited by either short-flash (SF) or long-flash (LF) stimuli. Results: Both the SF and LF PhNR were significantly reduced in groups 2 and 3. The PhNR amplitude was negatively correlated with the severity of the ocular circulatory disturbances (p = 0.0498, ρ = –0.507 for SF PhNR; p = 0.0050, ρ = –0.750 for LF PhNR). Conclusion: The amplitude of the PhNR became more reduced as the severity of the circulatory disturbances increased in eyes with CRAO.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photopic Negative Response Reflects Severity of Ocular Circulatory Damage after Central Retinal Artery Occlusion

et al. 2009

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“…1,2 A number of studies suggest that the PhNR in the photopic ERG originates primarily from activity of RGCs and their axons. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] In clinical studies using full-field ERGs, the PhNR amplitude was reduced in various diseases that involves RGC damageFfor example, glaucoma, [3][4][5] retinal vascular disease, 6,7 and optic nerve diseases. [8][9][10] Several researchers measured PhNR by using focal macular ERG in humans and monkeys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Focal macular photopic negative response in patients with optic neuritis

Nakamura

Miyamoto

Yokota

et al. 2011

Eye

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Purpose To investigate, by focal macular electroretinography (ERG), the change of photopic negative response (PhNR) in the recovery of visual function in patients with optic neuritis. Methods Focal macular ERG was recorded from nine patients with acute optic neuritis (38.6±10.2 years). The photostimulator device projected 151 visual angle spotlight onto the macula. Focal macular ERG recording was performed at the onset and at 1 month and 6 months after the onset of optic neuritis. The results were compared between each recording for seven of the patients. Results All patients decreased in the vision below 20/100 and had central scotoma. Vision improved more than 20/20 within 1 month and full-visual field recovered within 6 months after the onset in all patients. The amplitude of the a-wave, b-wave, and PhNR of focal macular ERG at the onset was significantly attenuated in eyes with optic neuritis (66.8±15.5, 65.8±17.7, and 65.2±14.4% of normal control, respectively). The amplitude of the a-wave and b-wave increased gradually after steroid pulse therapy. The increase in a-wave amplitude was significant at 6 months (P ¼ 0.046), whereas the PhNR amplitude did not show any significant change over 6 months after the onset of optic neuritis. Conclusions Our results suggest that inflammation at the onset of optic neuritis leads to functional deficits that extend to at least the inner nuclear layers of the retina, and that all but the ganglion cell layers of retina recover.

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“…This late component, known as the photopic negative response (PhNR), was suggested to originate from the spiking activity of ganglion cells, with possible contributions from amacrine and glial cells [3]. Furthermore, the PhNR was also shown to be reduced in human diseases with a predominant dysfunction of the ganglion cells, as in glaucoma [4][5][6][7], optic neuropathy [8], optic nerve atrophy [9], diabetic retinopathy [10,11], and retinal artery and vein occlusions [12,13]; one study failed to demonstrate a PhNR reduction in advanced glaucoma [14]. The recording conditions used to elicit the PhNR were initially a monochromatic red stimulus on a blue rodsaturating background [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of broadband and monochromatic stimuli on the photopic negative response of the electroretinogram in normal subjects and in open-angle glaucoma patients

2008

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The aim was to investigate the effects of monochromatic and broadband stimuli on the amplitude of the photopic negative response (PhNR) and to compare the sensitivities of these stimuli for the detection of ganglion cell damage in glaucoma patients. Forty-one healthy subjects were studied, along with 16 patients with open-angle glaucoma. Photopic electroretinograms (ERGs) were elicited with monochromatic red, amber, green, and broadband white stimuli of progressively brighter intensities in a blue background. Pattern ERGs were also recorded using a 0.8 degrees checkerboard pattern on a 21.6 degrees x 27.8 degrees screen. In the photopic ERGs of the control subjects, the PhNR amplitude was significantly higher (P < 0.01) to red than to monochromatic amber, green, and broadband white stimuli of the same intensity. In glaucoma patients, the percentage of amplitude reduction was greater for the PhNR to red (68%, P < 0.001) than to the broadband stimulus (38%, P = 0.001). The PhNR to red monochromatic stimulus appeared to be a more sensitive parameter, with a larger area enclosed by the receiver-operating characteristic curve (0.97) than for the PhNR to broadband stimulus (0.76). Also, the PhNR to red stimulus showed a more significant correlation with the pattern ERG and the visual field defects (P < 0.05) than the PhNR elicited with broadband stimulus. These findings suggest that ganglion cell activity can be more efficiently evaluated with the PhNR elicited with a red than with a broadband stimulus. The PhNR thus appears to be a promising test for the diagnostics of the ganglion cell dysfunction.

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The photopic negative response of the flash electroretinogram in retinal vein occlusion

Cited by 49 publications

References 16 publications

Photopic Negative Response Reflects Severity of Ocular Circulatory Damage after Central Retinal Artery Occlusion

Photopic Negative Response Reflects Severity of Ocular Circulatory Damage after Central Retinal Artery Occlusion

Focal macular photopic negative response in patients with optic neuritis

The effect of broadband and monochromatic stimuli on the photopic negative response of the electroretinogram in normal subjects and in open-angle glaucoma patients

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