The photoluminescence mechanism in carbon dots (graphene quantum dots, carbon nanodots, and polymer dots): current state and future perspective

Zhu, Shoujun; Song, Yubin; Zhao, Xiaohuan; Shao, Jieren; Zhang, Junhu; Yang, Bai

doi:10.1007/s12274-014-0644-3

Cited by 2,318 publications

(1,685 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…The presence of hydrophilic groups at the surface of CDs induces excellent solubility in water. The main characteristic of CDs is the relatively strong photoluminescence, which is mainly depends on their size, the excitation wavelength and the surface functionalization [6,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful entrapment of carbon dots within flexible free-standing transparent mesoporous organic-inorganic silica hybrid films for photonic applications

Vassilakopoulou

Georgakilas

Vainos

et al. 2017

Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids

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The effective entrapment of Carbon dots (CDs) into a polymer-silica hybrid matrix, formed as free standing transparent flexible films, is presented. CDs of 3 nm mean size with strong photoluminescence are embedded into a silica matrix during the sol-gel procedure, using tetraethylorthosilicate and F127 triblock copolymer as the structure directing agent under acidic conditions. The final hybrid nanostructure forms free standing transparent films that show high flexibility and long term stable CDs luminescence indicating the protective character of the hybrid matrix. It is crucial that the photoluminescence of the hybrid's CDs is not seriously affected after thermal treatment at 550 0 C for 30min. Moreover, the herein reported hybrid is demonstrated to be suitable for the fabrication of advanced photonic structures using soft lithography process due to its low shrinkage and distortion upon drying.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful entrapment of carbon dots within flexible free-standing transparent mesoporous organic-inorganic silica hybrid films for photonic applications

Vassilakopoulou

Georgakilas

Vainos

et al. 2017

Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids

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“…The red shifts of the emission and excitation spectra are in accordance with the increase of the absorption tail in Figure 3. The spectral changes of the PL emission suggests that the formation 6 of carbogenic core which is considered to give emission at longer wavelengths [21]. Because careful fractionation of the CDs by their different surface polarities gives several distinct absorption bands in visible light region [24], the red shift may be caused by the surface modification of the CDs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carbon dots (CDs) which are a kind of photoluminescent nanocarbon attract much attention, because of its excellent properties such as high quantum yields, high stability and low toxicity [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Moreover, CDs can be synthesized with various methods from a variety of abundant organic compounds at relatively low costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Photoluminescent Nanocarbon from Hydroxylic Acids and Amines

Hiejima

Kanakubo

2016

J Solution Chem

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“…This phenomenon attracts substantial interest because of its possible applications in solar batteries, infrared sensors, etc. Experimental information on electron relaxation rates in graphene and graphitic QDs is not so abundant (see, for instance in the review [10]). Though, the corresponding effects are expected to be "especially efficient owing to the unique properties of graphene: fast carrier-carrier scattering dominates over electron-phonon scattering" [10].…”

Section: Hot-electron Relaxation Slowingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental information on electron relaxation rates in graphene and graphitic QDs is not so abundant (see, for instance in the review [10]). Though, the corresponding effects are expected to be "especially efficient owing to the unique properties of graphene: fast carrier-carrier scattering dominates over electron-phonon scattering" [10]. Among sp 2 -carbon nanomaterials capable of low-field electron emission [11], evidence of suppressed electron-phonon interaction were reported for NPC [12,13].…”

Section: Hot-electron Relaxation Slowingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron overheating during field emission from carbon island films due to phonon bottleneck effect

Архипов¹,

Zhurkin²,

Kvashenkina³

et al. 2018

Nanosystems: Phys. Chem. Math.

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The paper discusses a possible model of low-field electron emission that could be applicable to carbon island films on silicon. Such films were recently showed to have emission thresholds as low as 0.4-1.5 V/µm. Discontinuity of the film -and not the presence of field-enhancing morphological features or low-workfunction spots -seems to be the necessary condition for good emission capability. We suggest a hot-electron emission model with emission center representing a single isolated nanosized island of sp 2 carbon having the properties of a quantum dot. Quantization of its electron energy spectrum determines electron/phonon decoupling ("phonon bottleneck" effect) and long electron relaxation times, which makes emission the dominating option for hot electrons of sufficient energy injected in the island. The consequences of this suggestion are quantitatively considered for typical experimental situation.Keywords: low-field electron emission, carbon films, quantum dots, electron-phonon interaction, "phonon bottleneck" effect.

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The photoluminescence mechanism in carbon dots (graphene quantum dots, carbon nanodots, and polymer dots): current state and future perspective

Cited by 2,318 publications

References 140 publications

Successful entrapment of carbon dots within flexible free-standing transparent mesoporous organic-inorganic silica hybrid films for photonic applications

Successful entrapment of carbon dots within flexible free-standing transparent mesoporous organic-inorganic silica hybrid films for photonic applications

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Photoluminescent Nanocarbon from Hydroxylic Acids and Amines

Electron overheating during field emission from carbon island films due to phonon bottleneck effect

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