The phosphate mineralogy of et-Tabun cave, Mount Carmel, Israel

Goldberg, Paul; Nathan, Y.

doi:10.1180/minmag.1975.040.311.06

Cited by 74 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…These observations all support the notion that in both these caves ash calcite dissolves and the calcium ions react with phosphate and carbonate molecules to form dahllite. A similar phenomenon has been observed in the reaction rims of both calcitic and dolomitic rocks buried in the cave sediments (Goldberg & Nathan, 1975;Weiner et al, 1993Weiner et al, , 1995a. The two most likely sources of phosphate are guano and the bones buried in the sediments.…”

Section: Microstructural Observationssupporting

confidence: 56%

Ash Deposits in Hayonim and Kebara Caves, Israel: Macroscopic, Microscopic and Mineralogical Observations, and their Archaeological Implications

Schiegl

Goldberg

Bar‐Yosef

et al. 1996

Journal of Archaeological Science

232

136

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Section: Microstructural Observationssupporting

confidence: 56%

Ash Deposits in Hayonim and Kebara Caves, Israel: Macroscopic, Microscopic and Mineralogical Observations, and their Archaeological Implications

Schiegl

Goldberg

Bar‐Yosef

et al. 1996

Journal of Archaeological Science

232

136

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“…Although the diagenesis of cave sediments and cave mineralogy have been emphasized in speleological research for several decades, it took the systematic study of the sediments at Kebara and Hayonim Caves in Israel during the 1990s to document these processes and their ramifications. 8,15,18,19,[63][64][65][66][67]85,87,126,127 More recently, however, similar types of studies have been carried out in Greece and other parts of Europe. 17,22,61 One unique aspect of these studies is the immediate results derived from performing these analyses in the field.…”

Section: Diagenesis Of Cave Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Deciphering human prehistory through the geoarcheological study of cave sediments

Goldberg

Sherwood

2006

Evolutionary Anthropology

123

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Caves form within lithified (cemented) rocks, most characteristically a wide variety of carbonate rocks (dolomite and limestone in particular) or sandstones. Much less commonly, however, caves can be found in other rock types, such as extrusive igneous lava tubes, salt (for example, Mt. Sedom, Israel) or, as in the case of the Qumran Caves where the Dead Sea Scrolls were found, within soft marls or other unconsolidated sediments. 1 Here we emphasize karst or carbonate environments, as they represent the majority of archeological cave environments. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Humans explored deep caves, engaged in mineral mining, performed rituals, and produced art; however, they did not use cave interiors as longterm habitation areas. Within deep cave systems, surfaces typically remain stable for long periods of time, up to millions of years, so these characteristically sparse archeological records are usually on the same surface and rarely involve stratigraphy. 9 Most cave-related archeological studies focus on cave entrances, specifically areas at and within the entrance where light is limited but still present, which often are called twilight zones. Here, sediments from multiple sources accumulate, resulting in complex stratigraphic sequences that provide some of the best windows available into human prehistory. In this review we concentrate on these cave entrances, which are characterized by subterranean passages and larger chambers than those of rockshelters and shallow rock recesses, which exist completely within the reaches of natural light, ambient temperature, and moisture conditions. 10,11 Rockshelters and their sediments are more susceptible to the atmosphere. As a result, the depositional and postdepositional processes acting in rockshelter settings are somewhat different from those in caves, more akin to open-air sites. Sediments in rockshelter environments have been the focus on sevThroughout human history, caves and rockshelters have been favored habitation places. These unique environments preserve sediments derived from an assortment of geological and human processes that are typically absent or masked at open-air sites. Cave sediments are parts of larger stratigraphic frameworks that can reflect environmental changes, shifting microenvironments, and the nature of human activity within these confined and sheltered spaces. Stone tools and faunal material compose the artifact assemblages from caves that are typically studied. Cave sediments, on the other hand, which encase the archeological finds and which have both geological and human origins, have been understudied relative to traditional artifacts, in spite of their ubiquity and importance. Thus, anthropogenic sediments, the most striking of which are organic-rich deposits, and combustion features merit the same attention as any other artifacts that result from human activities and behaviors.The purpose of this paper is to highlight some of the most salient aspects of prehistoric cave sediments and the processes revealed by recent studies of these ac...

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“…It is equally important to determine how much the evolution of the external dose in strata overlaying Layer D in the intermediate cave might have been affected by the detected disturbances apparently provoked by running water, as any prolonged flow could have leached some U and its water soluble descendants. As a matter of fact, it appears that not all the geological deposits in question were affected to the same degree (Goldberg and Nathan, 1975). Thus, in contrast with Layers D-G where no bones had survived, B and C could not have been strongly disturbed as they contained many well preserved microfaunal and charred organic remains.…”

Section: Reliability Of Dosimetric Parametersmentioning

confidence: 96%

TL Dates of Burnt Flints from Jelinek's Excavations at Tabun and their Implications

Mercier

Valladas

et al. 1995

Journal of Archaeological Science

158

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The phosphate mineralogy of et-Tabun cave, Mount Carmel, Israel

Cited by 74 publications

References 8 publications

Ash Deposits in Hayonim and Kebara Caves, Israel: Macroscopic, Microscopic and Mineralogical Observations, and their Archaeological Implications

Ash Deposits in Hayonim and Kebara Caves, Israel: Macroscopic, Microscopic and Mineralogical Observations, and their Archaeological Implications

Deciphering human prehistory through the geoarcheological study of cave sediments

TL Dates of Burnt Flints from Jelinek's Excavations at Tabun and their Implications

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