The persistence of methyl bromide residues in rice, dried fruit, seeds and nuts following laboratory fumigation

Norman, Kevin N. T.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1526-4998(200002)56:2<154::aid-ps108>3.0.co;2-1

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 9 publications

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“…Table 5 summarizes the MRL values of MB in milled rice as mandated by the Thai Agricultural Standard: TAS 9002-2013 (National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity andFood Standard, 2013). Notably, when fumigating white rice at an MB dose of 40 g/m 3 for about 24 h (Ct product of about 1,000 g-h/m 3 ) at 20°C, Norman (2000) found MB residues of 0.007 mg/kg at 14 d after the fumigation. When the dose was reduced to 9 g/m 3 (Ct product of about 200 g-h/m 3 ), the residues found 7 d after the fumigation were below 0.005 mg/kg.…”

Section: Methyl Bromidementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of current fumigation practices in Thailand

2022

ANRES

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Article InfoImportance of the work: Fumigation, as a pest management tool, plays an important role in reducing post-harvest losses and maintaining food and bio securities. Objectives: To discuss the current state of fumigation practices in Thailand and some of the challenges faced by fumigation practitioners. Materials & Methods: A typical fumigation job can be divided into three main steps: 1) the fumigation enclosure is constructed; 2) the fumigant is released and held within the enclosure for a certain period, called the exposure time; and 3) when the desired exposure time has elapsed, the enclosure is aerated. Results: Phosphine in the form of aluminum phosphide tablets is the most-used fumigant. PH3 generators are used to apply these tablets, thus releasing PH3 gas more effectively. In addition, phosphine formulations in cylinders are used in niche applications. However, insects with strong resistance to phosphine are present in many areas of the country. Although methyl bromide was banned in Thailand in 2014, its use is necessary and still allowed in quarantine and pre-shipment applications. Carbon dioxide is used in the treatment of organic commodities; however, carbon dioxide fumigation is more costly and requires more gas-tight enclosures and a longer exposure time. Main finding: To achieve successful fumigation, it is necessary to understand the advantages and limitations of these fumigants.

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Section: Methyl Bromidementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of current fumigation practices in Thailand

2022

ANRES

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Physical, chemical and environmental properties of selected chemical alternatives for the pre‐plant use of methyl bromide as soil fumigant

Ruzo

2005

Pest Management Science

116

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Production and use of methyl bromide, a soil fumigant, are being restricted because of this chemical's deleterious effects on stratospheric ozone concentrations. Several products, some of which are currently used as soil fumigants, are being considered as possible replacements for methyl bromide, alone and in various combinations. Among these, 1,3-dichloropropene, methyl isothiocyanate generators such as metam-sodium, and chloropicrin are currently registered, while others such as methyl iodide and sodium azide are at different stages of the registration process. This review examines physicochemical properties, environmental fate, and metabolism of the various potential methyl bromide replacement products.

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The persistence of methyl bromide residues in rice, dried fruit, seeds and nuts following laboratory fumigation

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

A review of current fumigation practices in Thailand

A review of current fumigation practices in Thailand

Physical, chemical and environmental properties of selected chemical alternatives for the pre‐plant use of methyl bromide as soil fumigant

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