The Perisperm-endosperm Envelope in Cucumis: Structure, Proton Diffusion and Cell Wall Hydrolysing Activity

Ramakrishna, Priya; Amritphale, Dilip

doi:10.1093/aob/mci234

Cited by 22 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The endosperm of the castor seed prevents the penetration of fluorescent dye, indicating the presence of an endosperm semi-permeable layer [17]. In muskmelon [19] and cucumber [18], the semi-permeable layer was present in the perisperm-endosperm envelope. But in Sudan grass [13], the semi-permeable layer was located at the inner aleurone layer, connected to the undifferentiated cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The result was different from other species. Yim and Bradford [19] had reported that in muskmelon seed, the semi-permeable layer formed at 40 dpa, whereas in cucumber seeds [18], this layer formed at 45 dpa. In Sudan grass, the semi-permeable layer emerged at 16 dpa [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In muskmelon seeds, an extracellular layer composed primarily of callose was entirely responsible for the semi-permeable properties of the endosperm envelope [19]. However, in cucumber seeds, the semi-permeable layer appeared to differentiate in the epidermis of the multilayered nucellus [18] , the outer integument had formed the semi-permeable layer. In our experiment, the cells differentiated and fused as the seeds developed, and the outer periclinal walls of the inner integument formed a semipermeable layer (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yim and Bradford [19] had demonstrated that the semi-permeability of the muskmelon endosperm envelope was caused by the outer walls of the endosperm cells at 40 days post-anthesis (dpa). In cucumber seeds at 45 dpa, the epidermis of the multilayered nucellus formed the semi-permeable layer [18]. In Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanens Piper.)…”

Section: Abstract: Semi-permeable Layer Seed Coat Seed Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Castor (Ricinus communis L.) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) were impermeable to fluorescent tracers, indicating the presence of a semi-permeable barrier surrounding the embryo [17]. Also, cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) seeds had lipids and callose in their semi-permeable layers [18,19]. In many grass species this layer embedded with cutin or suberin in the caryopsis integuments restricts solute diffusion [20] such as barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) [21], Lolium perenne (L.) [22] and Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepensis L.) [23].…”

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Semi-permeable layer formation during seed development in Elymus nutans and Elymus sibiricus

Wang

Trethewey

2013

Acta Soc Bot Pol

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The seed coat or testa is the protective outer covering surrounding the plant embryo [1]. The seed coat has several functions including the protection of the embryo in the ripe seed from mechanical damage and pathogen attack and the supply of nutrients during seed development [2]. In some species the seed coat may have a semi-permeable layer allowing water uptake and gas exchange, while restricting or preventing solute transport [3][4][5][6]. The semi-permeable layer is an important structure for restricting the penetration of toxic solutes into embryos during imbibition from the soil [7] and may also play a role in water storage by holding a sheet of water adjacent to the embryo and thereby protecting the mature embryo against desiccation [8]. At the same time, this layer surrounding the embryo acts as a barrier to apoplastic permeability and radicle emergence [9]. In addition, seed quality testing studies have shown that the existence of semi-permeable layer could decrease the feasibility of testing method, based on the tetrazolium salt or conductivity [10][11][12][13]. Therefore, the semi-permeable layer is valuable protection to sustain the health and secure the growth, development, germination, and quality testing of seeds [14].The presence of a semi-permeable layer can inhibit the infiltration of solutes into the internal seed. For example, tetrazolium chloride, which is used for vital staining, did not penetrate into the inner seed coat of watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris Schrad. ex Eckl. & Zeyh.) [10], and also was not able to infiltrate the seed coat of several vegetable seeds [4]. In addition, the water-soluble heavy metal lanthanum ion accumulated in the suberin-rich inner seed coat adjacent to the endosperm in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) [15,16]. Castor (Ricinus communis L.) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) were impermeable to fluorescent tracers, indicating the presence of a semi-permeable barrier surrounding the embryo [17]. Also, cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) seeds had lipids and callose in their semi-permeable layers [18,19]. In many grass species this layer embedded with cutin or suberin in the caryopsis integuments restricts solute diffusion [20] such as barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) [21], Lolium perenne (L.) [22] and Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepensis L.) [23].While the location and chemical composition of semipermeable membranes in the seeds of many species have been examined, information on the anatomy and timing of the layer formation is limited. In barley, the integumentary system was AbstractThe semi-permeable layer is a layer in the seeds of certain plants that restricts or impedes the exchange of the solute while allowing the permeability of internal and external water and gas, which is valuable protection to sustain the health and secure the growth, development and germination. In this study, the formation time and location of the semi-permeable layer in seed coats of Elymus nutants (Griseb.) and Elymus sibiricus (L.) ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Abstract: Semi-permeable Layer Seed Coat Seed Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Semi-permeable layer formation during seed development in Elymus nutans and Elymus sibiricus

Wang

Trethewey

2013

Acta Soc Bot Pol

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Solute permeation across the apoplastic barrier in the perisperm–endosperm envelope in cucumber seeds

Amritphale

Ramakrishna

Singh

et al. 2010

Planta

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An apoplastic barrier consisting of callose and lipid layers in the perisperm-endosperm (PE) envelope is known to restrict inward and outward transport of solutes in cucurbit seeds. The present work examines permeability properties of the barrier using cucumber seed as a model system. Osmometrically determined osmotic potential of the apoplastic fluid was used as a basis for osmotic studies aimed at examining solute exclusion from the apoplastic barrier in the PE envelope. The assessment of apoplastic permeability involved measuring the amount of anionic and cationic organic dyes diffused into agarose gel discs through the PE envelope. Ionic/non-ionic solutes including polyethylene glycols having Stokes radii 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) approximately methyl orange approximately methylene blue > Eosin Y >> Janus green approximately crystal violet approximately Evans Blue. Permeation time(0.5) for DCPIP and TTC was 9.71 and 9.96 h, respectively. Dyes having Stokes radii < 0.5 nm showed significant inward as well as outward diffusion across the PE envelope in contrast to restricted diffusion of dyes having Stokes radii > 0.5 nm. Size exclusion limit for apoplastic barrier in cucumber PE envelope was resolved to be about 0.5 nm by dye permeation and around 0.8 nm by osmotic studies. Dye permeances depended primarily on particle size as described by a quadratic polynomial function rather than on charge or log D.

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Insights into the maternal pathway for Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus infection of cucurbit seeds

et al. 2019

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The Perisperm-endosperm Envelope in Cucumis: Structure, Proton Diffusion and Cell Wall Hydrolysing Activity

Cited by 22 publications

References 31 publications

Semi-permeable layer formation during seed development in Elymus nutans and Elymus sibiricus

Semi-permeable layer formation during seed development in Elymus nutans and Elymus sibiricus

Solute permeation across the apoplastic barrier in the perisperm–endosperm envelope in cucumber seeds

Insights into the maternal pathway for Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus infection of cucurbit seeds

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