The performances of vegetative treatment systems for highway runoff during dry and wet conditions

Revitt, D. Mike; Shutes, Brian; Jones, Huw; Forshaw, M.; Winter, Benjamin

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.04.046

Cited by 52 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Bulc and Slak, 2003;Revitt et al, 2004;Terzakis et al, 2008) but there is less information available on the use of these systems for the treatment of car park runoff. However, Ellis et al (1994) have reported the use of a detention pond planted with five species of macrophyte for the control of pollutants discharging from a combined transit operating base/car park.…”

Section: Storage Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sources, impact and management of car park runoff pollution: A review

Revitt

Lundy

Coulon

et al. 2014

Journal of Environmental Management

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Traffic emissions contribute significantly to the build-up of diffuse pollution loads on urban surfaces with their subsequent mobilisation and direct discharge posing problems for receiving water quality. This review focuses on the impact and mitigation of solids, metals, nutrients and organic pollutants in the runoff deriving from car parks. Variabilities in the discharged pollutant levels and in the potentials for pollutant mitigation complicate an impact assessment of car park runoff. The different available stormwater best management practices and proprietary devices are reported to be capable of reductions of between 20% and almost 100% for both suspended solids and a range of metals. This review contributes to prioritising the treatment options which can achieve the appropriate pollutant reductions whilst conforming to the site requirements of a typical car park. By applying different treatment scenarios to the runoff from a hypothetical car park, it is shown that optimal performance, in terms of ecological benefits for the receiving water, can be achieved using a treatment train incorporating permeable paving and bioretention systems. The review identifies existing research gaps and emphasises the pertinent management practices as well as design issues which are relevant to the mitigation of car park pollution.

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Section: Storage Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sources, impact and management of car park runoff pollution: A review

Revitt

Lundy

Coulon

et al. 2014

Journal of Environmental Management

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“…A median wet weather removal efficiency of 84.7 % has been measured for Cd passing through a sub-surface constructed wetland (Revitt et al, 2004 corresponds to a discharge concentration of 0.13 μg l -1 . Treated greywater with this Cd concentration would require an appropriate dilution on entering a receiving water.…”

Section: Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

The implications of household greywater treatment and reuse for municipal wastewater flows and micropollutant loads

2011

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“…Bratieres et al (2008) and Henderson et al (2007) found that vegetated columns retained 63-77% of nitrogen, while non-vegetated columns leached nitrogen. As such, constructed biofilters should include a mixture of plant species that target specific pollutants (Revitt et al, 2004), but must also be able to survive stressful situations such as drought or flood (Bratieres et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The performance of plant species in removing nutrients from stormwater in biofiltration systems in Cape Town

Milandri¹,

Winter²,

Chimphango³

et al. 2012

WSA

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In 2009, the City of Cape Town (CoCT) adopted a stormwater policy which mandates that new and existing developments should reduce the concentration of phosphorus and suspended solids in stormwater runoff by 45% and 80%, respectively, but offered no explicit guidance about how these water quality targets might be achieved. This study aims to contribute to the limited knowledge that exists about the performance of local plant species to treat stormwater. A large nursery-based study was conducted to investigate the performance of 9 locally-occurring plant species to remove orthophosphate ), ammonia (NH 3 ) and nitrate (NO 3 -) found in urban stormwater. Synthetic stormwater was applied to each species as well as a control consisting only of soil (Malmesbury shale). The discharge was collected from a drainage pipe at the base of each of the 150 containers. The results show that all species (excluding Ficinia) reduced the average concentrations of PO 4 -3 by 81% and NH 3 by 90%. By contrast, NO 3 -was reduced by an average of 69% (excluding by Elegia and Phragmites) with 8 of the 9 species removing significantly more than the control. The species that performed well for all three nutrients include Agapanthus and turf grasses, Stenotaphrum and Pennisetum. The results of the study highlight three important factors in the design of biofilters: that a substantial proportion of nutrients can be captured or absorbed by plants; that the soil medium is an important factor in the removal of PO 4 -3 and NH 3 ; and that plant choice is essential in the removal of NO 3 -. Future research should test plant species in both the laboratory and field settings, and should include additional contaminants such as household detergents, heavy metals and bacteria.

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The performances of vegetative treatment systems for highway runoff during dry and wet conditions

Cited by 52 publications

References 14 publications

The sources, impact and management of car park runoff pollution: A review

The sources, impact and management of car park runoff pollution: A review

The implications of household greywater treatment and reuse for municipal wastewater flows and micropollutant loads

The performance of plant species in removing nutrients from stormwater in biofiltration systems in Cape Town

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