The Performance of Human Periodontal Ligament Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Xenogenic Biomaterials

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells from periodontal ligament (PDL-MSCs) hold great promise for bone regeneration. Most studies regarding the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from periodontal tissue suggest that PDL cells may have many osteoblast-like properties, including the ability to form calcified nodules in vitro. This study investigated the morphological and histochemistry aspects of human PDL-MSCs, induced for osteogenic differentiation and seeded on a xenogenic porcine bone substitute in vitro, at different times of incubation. This biomaterial seems physically identical to human bone, and it has been reported to be osteoconductive. Our results indicated that the cells had a high affinity for the three-dimensional biomaterials; in fact, cellular proliferation and colonization was evident, and after 21 days the adherent cells started to detach themselves from the substrate, and at 30 days of incubation in differentiation medium, the cells completely lost the adhesion to the Petri's disk, englobing all bioparticles. In conclusion, the in vitro behaviour of PDL-MSCs and their relationship with three-dimensional scaffold biomaterials encourage in vivo investigations for their use in dental tissue regeneration.

Human Periodontal Stem Cells Release Specialized Proresolving Mediators and Carry Immunomodulatory and Prohealing Properties Regulated by Lipoxins

“…The formation of a mineralized bone matrix was monitored for 21 days using human MSC (hMSC) osteogenic differentiation medium (Lonza Group), as previously described [ 35 ]. Osteogenic differentiation was determined by staining mineralized deposits with Alizarin Red S (Sigma-Aldrich, Milan, Italy, https://www.sigmaaldrich.com ) and by assessing the expression of osteogenic markers (i.e., alkaline phosphatase [ALP], runt-related transcription factor 2 [RUNX2], and osteopontin [OPN]) by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).…”

“…Adipogenesis was induced using the hMSC adipogenic differentiation medium (Lonza Group) for 4 weeks. Lipid-drop accumulation and triglyceride content were respectively evaluated by Red Oil staining and the AdipoRed assay (Lonza Group) [ 35 ]. All experiments were carried out with hPDLSCs at passages 3–7.…”

The cytotoxic effects of resin‐based sealers on dental pulp stem cells

“…Subsequently, the pulps were exposed using a cylindrical diamond bur (314, Ø ISO 014, L.8.0 mm; Intensiv, Grancia, Switzerland) mounted on a high‐speed handpiece (Bora L; Bien‐Air, Bienne, Switzerland) with water‐spray cooling. Pulps were then removed with a sterile excavator, cut into small pieces and then cultured in MSCM medium (Cambrex Co., Walkersville, MD, USA) according to the manufacturer’s indications (Trubiani et al. 2007b, 2008a,b).…”

Stem cells and future periodontal regeneration

“…Autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and adipose‐derived stem cells can regenerate alveolar bone and periodontal ligament‐like structures after transplantation in vivo , and this provides support for the use of these cells in regenerative periodontal therapy (63, 72, 133). Studies have also used dental stem cells to achieve periodontal regeneration both in vitro (136, 137) and in vivo (32, 44, 66, 120, 152). In these studies, progenitor cells were seeded directly onto biomaterial scaffolds (e.g.…”