“…In order to test the self-cleaning properties, tests are conducted for the decomposition of organic dyes, such as rhodamine B [ 2 , 38 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 ], methylene blue [ 22 , 39 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 ], and methyl orange [ 74 , 80 , 81 , 82 ]. Malachite green [ 83 ] and Congo red [ 84 ] are used much less frequently for tests.…”