The perception of the vertical: V. Adjustment to the postural vertical as a function of the magnitude of postural tilt and duration of exposure.

Mann, Cecil W.; Passey, George E.

doi:10.1037/h0059189

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…The findings in both experiments that with increasing magnitude of displacement there is (a) increasing average error of adjustment, and (b) increasing constant error in the direction of initial displacement, substantiate earlier findings by Mann and Passey (5). The correspondence of these results seems especially significant since the experimental procedure and experimental apparatus as well as the sampling procedure of the present studies differed from the earlier investigation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…There have been, however, only a few studies (e.g., 4,5,6) which have attempted to explore systematically the effects of certain conditions on the perception of bodily position in the absence of visual cues. The present paper describes two experiments which investigated the effects of a number of such conditions on accuracy of adjustment to an upright position in the absence of a visual frame of reference.…”

Section: Perceptual and Motor Skills Research Laboratory Human Resour...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perception of body position in the absence of visual cues.

Fleishman¹

1953

Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Perceptual and Motor Skills Research Laboratory Human Resour...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception of body position in the absence of visual cues.

Fleishman¹

1953

Journal of Experimental Psychology

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“…In other words, the gravitational vertical was perceived as being almost upright under the 0°adaptation, whereas the tilt of6.97°to the direction of the adapting stimulus was perceived as being upright under the 72°adaptation. This result supported the classic studies based on the matching method (Clegg, 1954;Clegg & Dunfield, 1954a, 1954bFleishman, 1953;Howard & Templeton, 1966;Mann & Passey, 1951;Pearson & Hauty, 1959;Solley, 1956), which indicated that, after adapting to tilted position, the subject inclined his or her body by 0,50-6.0°to the direction of the adapting stimulus in order to perceive the body as being upright.…”

Section: Unbiased Scalesupporting

confidence: 77%

Apparent body tilt and postural aftereffect

Higashiyama

Koga

1998

Perception & Psychophysics

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Apparent orientation of the body tilted laterally in the frontal plane was studied with the methods of absolute judgments in four experiments. In Experiment 1, 17 subjects, who maintained the normal adaptation of body to gravity,estimated their body tilts under the condition of seeing the gravitational vertical and under the condition of eliminating it. The results showed that (1) there was not a significant difference between the two conditions and (2) the small tilts of less than 45°were exactly estimated, whereas the large tilts of 45°-108°were overestimated. In Experiment 2, 10subjects estimated their body tilts under three velocities of a rotating chair on which each subject was placed. Although both body tilt and chair velocity were found to influence tilt estimation, the effect of body tilt was overwhelmingly greater than that of chair velocity. In Experiment 3, 11 subjects adapted their bodies to a 72°left tilt for 10 min and then estimated various body tilts around the adapting tilt. The estimations obtained under the 72°adaptation were lower than those obtained under the 0°adaptation, and this reduction was greater for the test tilt that was farther away from the adapting tilt. In Experiment 4, 11 subjects adjusted their own body tilts to designated angles. The results confirmed the outcomes of absolute estimation in Experiments 1-3. From these findings and past literature, the judgments of body tilt were considered to be subserved by a single sensory process that was based on the cutaneous and muscular proprioceptors, rather than the vestibular and joint proprioceptors. 331We investigated apparent orientation of the body by tilting it laterally in the frontal plane.' The first concern was to establish psychophysical scale for body tilt under normal adaptation of the body to gravity. The second concern was to explore the processes and proprioceptors that make the perception ofbody tilt possible. For the latter concern, we made use of postural aftereffects or postural persistence: the sense of position of a limb, the head, or the eyes that may be temporarily affected when an asymmetrical posture is maintained for some time (F. 1. Clark & Horch, 1986;Howard, 1982). In this study, after being placed at a certain fixed tilt for some time, the subjects judged their various body tilts around the fixed tilt. On the basis of extent and magnitude of postural aftereffects, we assessed how many processes (single or double) exert in the perception of body tilt. Moreover, we considered how the processes are related to the nonvisual proprioceptors, such as the cutaneous, vestibular, joint, and muscular proprioceptors.?One conventional method of measuring apparent body tilt is to have the subject indicate his or her apparent bodyThe authors are grateful to Y.Ohta, who helped collect the data of Experiments 2 and 3, and to K. Shimono, who critically read the earlier manuscript. Correspondence should be addressed to K. Koga, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho Nagoya 464-0 I, Japan...

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“…When we maintain a tilted body posture for a certain time, referred to as prolonged tilt, SVV gradually shifts towards the side of body tilt regardless of the angle and direction of body tilt [15][16][17][18][19][20], and SVV remains deviated towards the previous tilted side even after a return to the upright position [15,19,20]. In addition, previous studies have demonstrated that prolonged tilt influences the perception of body tilt orientation [21][22][23][24]. This time-dependent change in the perception of the gravitational direction and body tilt orientation seems to be mainly attributed to sensory adaptation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Dynamic arm movements attenuate perceptual distortion of visual vertical induced during prolonged whole-body tilt

Tani

Yamamoto

Kodaka

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Do body movements contribute to the perception of the gravitational space? To answer this question, we investigated the influence of arm movements against gravity on the estimation of the gravitational direction or body tilt orientation. In Experiment 1, we asked the participants to perform static or dynamic arm movements during prolonged whole-body tilt and evaluated their effect on subjective visual vertical (SVV) at the tilt position (during-tilt session) and after tilting back to upright position (post-tilt session). In Experiment 2, we assessed how these arm movements at the tilt position affected subjective postural vertical (SPV). We observed that shifts of SVV induced by prolonged tilt were suppressed only by dynamic arm movements. On the other hand, SPV also shifted after prolonged tilt but was not influenced by either static or dynamic arm movements. The present results suggest that the central nervous system (CNS) utilises not only vestibular or static body somatosensory signals, but also additional cues generated by dynamic body movements for the perception of the gravitational direction.

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The perception of the vertical: V. Adjustment to the postural vertical as a function of the magnitude of postural tilt and duration of exposure.

Cited by 21 publications

References 3 publications

Perception of body position in the absence of visual cues.

Perception of body position in the absence of visual cues.

Apparent body tilt and postural aftereffect

Dynamic arm movements attenuate perceptual distortion of visual vertical induced during prolonged whole-body tilt

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