Perception of body position in the absence of visual cues.

Fleishman, Edwin A.

doi:10.1037/h0063504

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(6 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In other words, the gravitational vertical was perceived as being almost upright under the 0°adaptation, whereas the tilt of6.97°to the direction of the adapting stimulus was perceived as being upright under the 72°adaptation. This result supported the classic studies based on the matching method (Clegg, 1954;Clegg & Dunfield, 1954a, 1954bFleishman, 1953;Howard & Templeton, 1966;Mann & Passey, 1951;Pearson & Hauty, 1959;Solley, 1956), which indicated that, after adapting to tilted position, the subject inclined his or her body by 0,50-6.0°to the direction of the adapting stimulus in order to perceive the body as being upright.…”

Section: Unbiased Scalesupporting

confidence: 77%

Apparent body tilt and postural aftereffect

Higashiyama

Koga

1998

Perception & Psychophysics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Apparent orientation of the body tilted laterally in the frontal plane was studied with the methods of absolute judgments in four experiments. In Experiment 1, 17 subjects, who maintained the normal adaptation of body to gravity,estimated their body tilts under the condition of seeing the gravitational vertical and under the condition of eliminating it. The results showed that (1) there was not a significant difference between the two conditions and (2) the small tilts of less than 45°were exactly estimated, whereas the large tilts of 45°-108°were overestimated. In Experiment 2, 10subjects estimated their body tilts under three velocities of a rotating chair on which each subject was placed. Although both body tilt and chair velocity were found to influence tilt estimation, the effect of body tilt was overwhelmingly greater than that of chair velocity. In Experiment 3, 11 subjects adapted their bodies to a 72°left tilt for 10 min and then estimated various body tilts around the adapting tilt. The estimations obtained under the 72°adaptation were lower than those obtained under the 0°adaptation, and this reduction was greater for the test tilt that was farther away from the adapting tilt. In Experiment 4, 11 subjects adjusted their own body tilts to designated angles. The results confirmed the outcomes of absolute estimation in Experiments 1-3. From these findings and past literature, the judgments of body tilt were considered to be subserved by a single sensory process that was based on the cutaneous and muscular proprioceptors, rather than the vestibular and joint proprioceptors. 331We investigated apparent orientation of the body by tilting it laterally in the frontal plane.' The first concern was to establish psychophysical scale for body tilt under normal adaptation of the body to gravity. The second concern was to explore the processes and proprioceptors that make the perception ofbody tilt possible. For the latter concern, we made use of postural aftereffects or postural persistence: the sense of position of a limb, the head, or the eyes that may be temporarily affected when an asymmetrical posture is maintained for some time (F. 1. Clark & Horch, 1986;Howard, 1982). In this study, after being placed at a certain fixed tilt for some time, the subjects judged their various body tilts around the fixed tilt. On the basis of extent and magnitude of postural aftereffects, we assessed how many processes (single or double) exert in the perception of body tilt. Moreover, we considered how the processes are related to the nonvisual proprioceptors, such as the cutaneous, vestibular, joint, and muscular proprioceptors.?One conventional method of measuring apparent body tilt is to have the subject indicate his or her apparent bodyThe authors are grateful to Y.Ohta, who helped collect the data of Experiments 2 and 3, and to K. Shimono, who critically read the earlier manuscript. Correspondence should be addressed to K. Koga, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho Nagoya 464-0 I, Japan...

show abstract

Section: Unbiased Scalesupporting

confidence: 77%

Apparent body tilt and postural aftereffect

Higashiyama

Koga

1998

Perception & Psychophysics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Solley (1956Solley ( , 1960 presents practice curves for men which show marked improvement for about 15 trials with slight improvement thereafter up to 30 settings of the chair to vertical. Evidence of learning has also been reported by Garten (1920), Fleishman (1953), and Hauty (1959, 1960). It would appear that basic information regarding the sensory processes involved in the improvement with practice in setting to the postural vertical would be obtained by comparing the performance of normal and nonnormal 5s in this situation.…”

Section: And Ashton Graybielsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…( 6) The 5 had knowledge of results for each setting since he was placed at the gravitational vertical following each trial, (c) A hard seat was used (Mann et al, 1949). (d) The head was held in a fixed position, and the body was firmly supported by the chair and straps (Fleishman, 1953;Solley, 1960;Werner, Wapner, & Chandler, 1951). (e) The 5 returned himself to the vertical immediately (Passey & Guedry, 1949;Pearson & Hauty, 1960).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ability of normal 5s to set themselves to the postural vertical in the absence of a visual framework is remarkably accurate, the threshold values being of the order of 1-3° ( Clegg & Dunfield, 1954;Fleishman, 1953;Garten, 1920;Mann, Berthelot-Berry, & Dauterive, 1949;Pearson & Hauty, 1960;Solley, 1960;Witkin & Asch, 1948). There has been much speculation in the literature with respect to the specific perceptual factors which are involved, and practically "all possible sensory mechanisms have been listed as contributing to the process, notably tactual, kinesthetic, and vestibular cues (Garten, 1920;Mann et al T 1949;Pearson & Hauty, 1960).…”

Section: And Ashton Graybielmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Perception of the postural vertical in normals and subjects with labyrinthine defects.

Clark

Graybiel

1963

Journal of Experimental Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Perception of postural verticality as a function of learning has received little primary attention (Fleishman, 1953;Passey & Guedry, 1949) until recently when Solley (1956) presented positive evidence of the effect of such learning. This was in the form of a clearly denned negatively accelerated curve and was obtained by plotting the magnitude of perceptual error for 30 successive trials of lateral tilt.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%