The Perception of Procedures Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties of a Brief Parent Report Measure of Procedural Distress

Kazak, Anne E.; Penati, Biancamaria; Waibel, Mary Katherine; Blackall, George F.

doi:10.1093/jpepsy/21.2.195

Cited by 40 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…One question from the Perception of Procedures Questionnaire (Kazak, Penati, Waibel, & Blackall, 1996) was used to measure parent perception of child distress. The question “How distressed was your child today during the IV procedure?” was anchored from “not at all” (1) to “extremely distressed” (7).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Matching Doses of Distraction With Child Risk for Distress During a Medical Procedure

et al. 2014

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Background Parents often want to provide support to their children during medical procedures, but not all parents are effective in providing distraction after brief training. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three doses of distraction intervention for children at high and medium risk for procedure-related distress. Methods Children undergoing scheduled intravenous insertions for diagnostic or treatment purposes and their parents participated. A computerized application, Children, Parents and Distraction, was used to predict distress risk. Doses of intervention were basic (parents trained on providing distraction), enhanced (basic training plus tailored instructions, environmental modifications, and support and guidance from the research assistant), and professional (a trained research assistant provided distraction). Outcome measures were Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress-Revised for behavioral distress, Oucher for self-reported pain, parent report of child distress, and salivary cortisol for physiological distress. Results A total of 574 children, ages 4–10, and their parents participated. The Children, Parents and Distraction predicted that the risk for distress was high for 156 children, medium for 372, and low for 46. Children predicted to have higher risk for distress displayed more behavioral distress (p < .01). Children in the medium-risk group who had the professional intervention displayed significantly less behavioral distress (p < .001). Children in the high-risk group tended to have less behavioral distress when receiving the professional intervention (p = .07). There were no significant group differences for self-report of pain, parent report of distress, or cortisol levels. Discussion Some parents may need additional training in providing distraction to their children during procedures, and some children at medium and high risk for distress may need professional support. Parents should be asked about their preferences in acting as the distraction coach and, if willing, be provided as much training and support as possible in the clinical situation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Matching Doses of Distraction With Child Risk for Distress During a Medical Procedure

et al. 2014

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“…As such, operationalizing pain using observational measures may not capture the vagaries of a child’s pain expression and potentially contribute to the inconsistencies evident in the assessment of child pain (Bauchner, 1991). The inclusion of parents’ or caregivers’ observations and judgments may therefore provide a better pain assessment than that based solely on a clinician’s observation and judgment (Jylli and Olsson, 1995; Kazak et al, 1995). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A qualitative analysis of how parents assess acute pain in young children

Loopstra

Strodl

Herd

2015

Health Psychology Open

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An accurate and comprehensive pain assessment is crucial for adequate pain management in pre- and early verbal children during painful medical procedures. This study used an inductive approach to explore the processes involved in parental pain assessment and to develop a new model of Parental Assessment of Acute Child Pain. Participants were 19 parents of children aged under 3 years who had previously or were potentially about to experience an intravenous cannula or nasogastric tube insertion. Parental affect regulation, while witnessing their child in acute pain/distress, appeared to be critical to the processes involved in assessing their child’s pain.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] Poorly controlled procedural pain in children with cancer is associated with the development of a number of anxiety-related symptoms, depression, and diminished analgesic effects for subsequent procedures. 3,4,6 Given the choice between mild sedation and general anesthesia, 90% of families would choose general anesthesia for their child's oncology procedure. 7 Recognizing the importance of effective procedural pain control in this patient population, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) published guidelines for managing procedural pain as part of the ''frontline'' treatment of cancer in children.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sedative Preference of Families for Lumbar Punctures in Children With Acute Leukemia: Propofol Alone or Propofol and Fentanyl

Cechvala

Christenson

Eickhoff

et al. 2008

Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology

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Propofol is a common sedative/anesthetic used for invasive procedures in children with cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine whether families of children with acute leukemia prefer propofol alone or propofol plus fentanyl for lumbar puncture (LP) sedation. We conducted a randomized, placebo controlled, double blind, crossover study. Each patient was studied twice, once with propofol/placebo and once with propofol/fentanyl. Data collected included the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Score (M-YPAS) at baseline and after placebo or fentanyl, Induction Compliance Checklist, recovery excitement, recovery time, and adverse events. After the study, families were asked which sedative regimen they preferred for future LPs. Twenty-two patients received 44 LP sedations: propofol 22, propofol/fentanyl 22. The average age was 6.4+/-4.2 years (mean+/-SD). There were no significant differences between groups in M-YPAS, Induction Compliance Checklist or recovery excitement. Adverse events occurred in 11/22 patients (50%) propofol and 4/22 (18.2%) propofol/fentanyl (P=0.0196). Average recovery time (mean+/-SD) was 36.86+/-17.1 minutes propofol versus 26.36+/-16.4 minutes propofol/fentanyl (P=0.047). Sixteen families (72.7%) chose propofol with fentanyl for future LP sedations (P=0.05). In conclusion, most families prefer propofol and fentanyl for LPs. Propofol with fentanyl was also associated with fewer adverse events and faster recovery.

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The Perception of Procedures Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties of a Brief Parent Report Measure of Procedural Distress

Cited by 40 publications

References 11 publications

Matching Doses of Distraction With Child Risk for Distress During a Medical Procedure

Matching Doses of Distraction With Child Risk for Distress During a Medical Procedure

A qualitative analysis of how parents assess acute pain in young children

Sedative Preference of Families for Lumbar Punctures in Children With Acute Leukemia: Propofol Alone or Propofol and Fentanyl

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