A qualitative analysis of how parents assess acute pain in young children

Loopstra, Candice; Strodl, Esben; Herd, David

doi:10.1177/2055102914566290

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This tool has been assessed against a number of criteria in earlier studies of children during their early and later (i.e., in patient) surgical recovery phases (48-50). While some studies have shown variances, others have found that the parent and child's reported pain levels coincide (51)(52)(53). In the present study, there was no difference between parents' and their children's ratings.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Cognitive and cortical alteration with full mouth rehabilitation in a group of children

Metwally,

Ragab,

Kandil

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Objectives: Individuals in pain, whether severe or mild to moderate, perform less cognitively. There are links between cognitive function and symptoms, including mental slowness, memory issues, and attentional impairment. Thus, getting thorough dental treatment could enhance mental wellness. When a child needs extensive dental work, or exhibits acute situational anxiety, whole-mouth rehabilitation under general anesthesia (GA) is one therapeutic alternative. Aim of the work:This study looked at changes in cognition and the brain's function in children who had extensive dental rehabilitation while under general anesthesia. Materials and methods: Thirty uncooperative, healthy male and female children, ages six to twelve, with various dental issues, were enrolled in the study. Before the treatment, one week later, and three months later, their pain was assessed using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPS) as well as Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC). Assessments of cognitive function using the Digit Span Subtest (DS) and Electroencephalogram (EEG) were also evaluated. The data collection was statistically analyzed. Results: All children showed a significant improvement regarding pain when evaluated by themselves or their parents after dental procedures at 1 week and 3 months later. Also, there were improvements in cognitive functions after dental procedures. Conclusion: The research findings indicate that full mouth rehabilitation under general anaesthesia improved pain as well as cognitive and brain functions in children. Clinical Relevance: severe dental pain in addition to the child's negative behavior interferes with routine dental visits and also with different brain and cognitive functions, so whole mouth rehabilitation under GA may be able to address these issues.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Cognitive and cortical alteration with full mouth rehabilitation in a group of children

Metwally,

Ragab,

Kandil

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Anxiety and dispositional empathy were not predictors of participants’ judgment accuracy in the current study, and parental pain catastrophizing only accounted for a small amount of variance in underestimation of girls’ pain. Future research could explore these variables in a clinical context, as well as other variables that might predict caregivers’ estimations of children’s pain and fear, such as parents’ emotion regulation abilities 31 or their own responses to pain (e.g., parent pain tolerance, their own pain catastrophizing 16 ). Further, trait measures of anxiety, parental pain catastrophizing, and empathy were examined in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult judgments of children’s pain and fear during venipuncture: The impact of adult and child sex

Schinkel

Boerner

Chambers

et al. 2018

Canadian Journal of Pain

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Background: Low levels of agreement between caregiver and child reports of acute pain are well documented.Aims: This study builds on prior research through exploring factors that may contribute to low caregiver-child concordance. Specifically, the study examined the influence of adult and child sex on adult judgments of children's pain and fear during venipuncture and examined whether trait parental pain catastrophizing, empathy, and anxiety predicted judgment accuracy. Methods: Using a judgment study paradigm, 160 participants (82 women) viewed 20 10-s video clips of children (10 boys, 10 girls) undergoing venipuncture and rated each child's pain and fear. Adults' ratings were compared to the children's own ratings. Adults completed measures of trait parental pain catastrophizing, dispositional empathy, and trait anxiety. Results: Adults accurately judged boys' pain and fear significantly more often than that of girls. Further, adults underestimated and overestimated girls' pain and overestimated girls' fear significantly more frequently than that of boys. No effects of adult sex or adult by child sex interactions emerged. Parental pain catastrophizing significantly predicted underestimation of girls' pain, with adults who engaged in more catastrophizing being less likely to underestimate girls' pain. The variables did not predict adult judgment of child pain for women and men separately and did not predict adult judgment of child fear when examined by adult sex, child sex, or both combined. Conclusions: Child sex influences adult pain and fear judgments, with girls being more vulnerable to inaccurate assessment than boys. Higher levels of parental pain catastrophizing may buffer against adults' propensities to underestimate girls' pain. RÉSUMÉContexte: Le faible niveau de concordance entre la douleur aiguë rapportée par le prestataire de soins et celle rapportée par l'enfant est bien documentée. But: Cette étude s'appuie sur des études antérieures pour examiner les facteurs qui peuvent contribuer à la faible concordance prestataire de soins-enfant. Plus particulièrement, cette étude portait sur l'influence du sexe de l'adulte et celui de l'enfant sur les jugements que portent les adultes sur la douleur et la peur de l'enfant pendant une ponction veineuse et examine si la catastrophisation de la douleur par le parent, l'empathie et l'anxiété prédisaient l'exactitude de ces jugements. Méthodes: À l'aide d'un paradigme pour l'étude des jugements, 160 participants (82 femmes) ont visionné 20 clips vidéo de 10 secondes présentant des enfants (10 garçons, 10 filles) au moment d'une ponction veineuse, et ont attribué une note à la douleur et à la peur ressentie par l'enfant. Les notes attribuées par les adultes ont été comparées à celels attribuées par les enfants eux-mêmes. Les adultes se sont soumis à la mesure de la catastrophisation de la douleur en tant que trait parental, de leur tendance à l'empathie et de l'anxiété chronique. Résultats: La adultes ont jugé avec exactitude la douleur et la peur ressenties par l...

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“…Therefore, the inclusion of parents' observations and judgments may offer an enhanced pain assessment compared with that centered on the patient's experience and clinician's observation [ 30 ]. Some studies have reported that the parent and child reported pain ratings match, whereas other studies have reported differences [ 31 – 33 ]. In our study, there was no difference between the two groups in parents' ratings of child's tolerance of injection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Vibration System on Pain Reduction during Injection of Dental Anesthesia in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Alhareky

AlHumaid

Bedi

et al. 2021

International Journal of Dentistry

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Background. The ‘‘gate control’’ theory suggests pain can be reduced by simultaneous activation of larger diameter nerve fibers using appropriate coldness, warmth, rubbing, pressure, or vibration. This study investigated the efficacy of a device combining cold and vibration, for needle-related procedural pain in children. Methodology. A total of 51 children aged 5–12 years participated in this randomized controlled clinical trial. Half of the children were in the control group and received maxillary buccal infiltration, by injecting 1.8 ml of 2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 adrenaline using topical anesthesia 20% benzocaine gel for 15 seconds, while the other half were in the test group and received the same anesthesia using a commercially available external cold and a vibrating device. A face version of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used as a subjective measure to assess the child’s pain experience. The parents were requested to evaluate the child’s ability to tolerate pain using a behavioral/observational pain scale. Sound, Eyes, and Motor (SEM) scale and Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) scale were used to record the child’s pain as perceived by the external evaluator. T-test or Mann–Whitney U-test was used for scale variables, paired sample T-test or Wilcoxon rank t-test was used for before and after data, and chi-square was used for categorical variable, based on the results of normality test. Results. The results showed a statistically significant reduction in pain after the injection for the test group compared with control using VAS scale (mean = 6.68 (1.09) and 8.42 (0.50); p = 0.001 ) and FLACC scale (mean = 5.92 (1.05) and 8.16 (0.54); p = 0.002 ), but not when using SEM scale (mean 3.22 (0.42) and 4.24 (2.74); p = 0.08 ). Conclusions. Combined external cold and vibrating devices can be an effective alternative in reducing experienced pain and fear in children undergoing infiltration dental anesthesia. This study was registered with clinical trial registry of the United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03953001).

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A qualitative analysis of how parents assess acute pain in young children

Cited by 10 publications

References 40 publications

Cognitive and cortical alteration with full mouth rehabilitation in a group of children

Cognitive and cortical alteration with full mouth rehabilitation in a group of children

Adult judgments of children’s pain and fear during venipuncture: The impact of adult and child sex

Effect of a Vibration System on Pain Reduction during Injection of Dental Anesthesia in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial

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