The Perception of Plant Allelochemicals That Inhibit Feeding

Frazier, James L.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-1865-1_1

Cited by 61 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…In brief, we offered the "salicinhabituated" caterpillars a block of the rearing diet, which had been adulterated with a 6% concentration (wet mass) of salicin (ϭ157 mM kg Ϫ1 diet); this salicin diet was their only source of food and water for 24 h. Over the course of this exposure period, the caterpillars become completely habituated to salicin concentrations as high as 12% (Glendinning et al, 2001). The "nonhabituated" caterpillars received a salicinfree block of the same diet adulterated with 6% (wet mass) alphacel (an indigestible form of cellulose; ICN Biomedicals, Cleveland, OH); this diet was their only source of food and water for 24 h. We know that the habituation protocol attenuates the aversive response through a central gustatory mechanism, because the bittersensitive taste cells of both salicin-habituated and nonhabituated caterpillars respond equally vigorously to salicin (Glendinning et al, 2001 Several electrophysiological studies have shown that the bitter-sensitive taste cells in the lateral styloconic, medial styloconic, and epipharyngeal sensilla of M. sexta respond to aristolochic acid with an accelerating discharge pattern and to salicin and caffeine with a decelerating discharge pattern (Frazier, 1986;Glendinning and Hills, 1997;Glendinning et al, 1998). These different discharge patterns are thought to reflect the presence of two transduction pathways in each of the bitter-sensitive taste cells: one responds to aristolochic acid and the other responds to caffeine and salicin (Glendinning and Hills, 1997;our unpublished data).…”

Section: Habituation Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We limited our data analysis to the initial 5 s of biting. This approach was made possible by the observation that the repetitive biting sequence of M. sexta is disrupted almost immediately by aversive gustatory input, resulting in longer and more variable interbite intervals (IBIs) (Dethier and Crnjar, 1982;Frazier, 1986).…”

Section: Experiments 3: Which Coding Framework Best Explains the Pattementioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal Coding Mediates Discrimination of “Bitter” Taste Stimuli by an Insect

Glendinning

Davis²,

Rai³

2006

J. Neurosci.

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The mechanisms that mediate discriminative taste processing in insects are poorly understood. We asked whether temporal patterns of discharge from the peripheral taste system of an insect (Manduca sexta caterpillars; Sphingidae) contribute to the discrimination of three "bitter" taste stimuli: salicin, caffeine, and aristolochic acid. The gustatory response to these stimuli is mediated exclusively by three pairs of bitter-sensitive taste cell, which are located in the medial, lateral, and epipharyngeal sensilla. We tested for discrimination by habituating the caterpillars to salicin and then determining whether the habituation generalized to caffeine or aristolochic acid. We ran habituation-generalization tests in caterpillars with their full complement of taste sensilla (i.e., intact) and in caterpillars with ablated lateral sensilla (i.e., lat-ablated). The latter perturbation enabled us to examine discrimination in caterpillars with a modified peripheral taste profile. We found that the intact and lat-ablated caterpillars both generalized the salicin-habituation to caffeine but not aristolochic acid. Next, we determined whether this pattern of stimulus-generalization could be explained by salicin and aristolochic acid generating distinct ensemble, rate, temporal, or spatiotemporal codes. To this end, we recorded excitatory responses from the bitter-sensitive taste cells and then used these responses to formulate predictions about whether the salicin-habituation should generalize to caffeine or aristolochic acid, separately for each coding framework. We found that the pattern of stimulus generalization in both intact and latablated caterpillars could only be predicted by temporal coding. We conclude that temporal codes from the periphery can mediate discriminative taste processing.

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Section: Habituation Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experiments 3: Which Coding Framework Best Explains the Pattementioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Coding Mediates Discrimination of “Bitter” Taste Stimuli by an Insect

Glendinning

Davis²,

Rai³

2006

J. Neurosci.

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“…All herbivorous insects have taste cells that respond selectively to noxious (i.e., unpalatable and/or toxic) secondary plant compounds (Ma, 1972;Blom, 1978;Dethier, 1980;Frazier, 1986;Chapman et al, 1991;Dethier, 1993;van Loon & Schoonhoven, 1999). In caterpillars, these deterrent (or bitter-sensitive) taste cells are restricted to four classes of chemosensilla (Schoonhoven Figure 1.…”

Section: Mechanisms For Detecting Noxious Secondary Plant Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vigorous stimulation of any bilateral pair of deterrent taste cells elicits a rapid aversive response (Frazier, 1986;Chapman et al, 1991;Peterson et al, 1993;Glendinning et al, 1999). This behavioral response is manifested as a marked reduction in bite size and biting activity.…”

Section: Mechanisms For Detecting Noxious Secondary Plant Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do herbivorous insects cope with noxious secondary plant compounds in their diet?

Glendinning

2002

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Herbivorous insects use a variety of physiological mechanisms to cope with noxious (i.e., unpalatable and/or toxic) compounds in their food plants. Here, I review what is known about this coping process, focusing on one species of caterpillar, the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta). Herbivorous insects possess both preingestive (i.e., chemosensory) and postingestive response mechanisms for detecting plant secondary compounds. Stimulation of either class of detection mechanism inhibits feeding rapidly by reducing biting rate and/or bite size. This aversive response is highly adaptive during encounters with secondary plant compounds that are toxic. The insect's dilemma is that many harmless or mildly toxic compounds also activate the aversive response. To overcome this dilemma, herbivorous insects employ at least three mechanisms for selectively deactivating their aversive response to relatively harmless secondary plant compounds: (1) the presence of carbohydrates can mask the unpalatable taste of some secondary plant compounds; (2) prolonged dietary exposure to some unpalatable secondary plant compounds can initiate long-term adaptation mechanisms in the peripheral and central gustatory system; and (3) dietary exposure to toxic compounds can induce production of P450 detoxication enzymes. Thus, herbivorous insects utilize an integrated suite of physiological mechanisms to detect potentially toxic compounds in foods, and then selectively adapt to those that do not pose a serious threat to their growth and survivorship.

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“…The steroids and saponins were only detected in the petroleum ether extract which also contained terpenoids. Secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds, alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids have been identified to exhibit feeding deterrent activity [21,22]. Duke [23] further reported that there is growing evidence that most secondary products of plants are involved in the interaction of plants with other species, primarily the defense of the plant from plant pest.…”

Section: Phytochemical Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical Screening and Antifeedant Activity of the Seed Extracts Of Parkia Biglobosa against Cowpea Bean(Vigna Unguiculata) Storage Pest (Callosobruchus Maculatus)

Sani¹

2014

IJIRSET

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Peasant farmers in northern Nigeria indigenously use many plants to protect cereals and legumes against pest damage during storage. Phytochemical screening of the seed extracts of Parkia biglobosa indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, polyphenols, tannins, and terpenoids in ethanol extract and alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids and saponins in petroleum extract. In this study the test insects (Callosobrucus maculatus) for the antifeedant efficacy were cultured and the first generation progenies that emerged were used. Beans were dressed with different doses (0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16, and 0.20g) of the extracts and the seed damage data were used to estimate the weevil perforation index (WPI). WPI was found to have decreased as concentration of extracts increased. Compared to the control which has WPI of 50%, both extracts were found to be highly effective antifeedants against the cowpea weevil storage pest for the time allowed for the study. The ability to protect the seeds from damage has been clearly shown by the percent protectant ability (PPA) whose value at 0.20g dose for ethanol extract was 94.74% while for petroleum ether extract it was 81.82%. The ethanol extract was therefore more effective than the petroleum ether extract at the highest dose. The results of this study therefore showed that Parkia biglobosa seed extracts possessed some antifeedant activity which may be associated with the presence of the secondary metabolites detected by the phytochemical screening.

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The Perception of Plant Allelochemicals That Inhibit Feeding

Cited by 61 publications

References 101 publications

Temporal Coding Mediates Discrimination of “Bitter” Taste Stimuli by an Insect

Temporal Coding Mediates Discrimination of “Bitter” Taste Stimuli by an Insect

How do herbivorous insects cope with noxious secondary plant compounds in their diet?

Phytochemical Screening and Antifeedant Activity of the Seed Extracts Of Parkia Biglobosa against Cowpea Bean(Vigna Unguiculata) Storage Pest (Callosobruchus Maculatus)

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