Phytochemical Screening and Antifeedant Activity of the Seed Extracts Of Parkia Biglobosa against Cowpea Bean(Vigna Unguiculata) Storage Pest (Callosobruchus Maculatus)

Abstract

Peasant farmers in northern Nigeria indigenously use many plants to protect cereals and legumes against pest damage during storage. Phytochemical screening of the seed extracts of Parkia biglobosa indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, polyphenols, tannins, and terpenoids in ethanol extract and alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids and saponins in petroleum extract. In this study the test insects (Callosobrucus maculatus) for the antifeedant efficacy were cultured and the first generation progenies that emerged were used. Beans were dressed with different doses (0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16, and 0.20g) of the extracts and the seed damage data were used to estimate the weevil perforation index (WPI). WPI was found to have decreased as concentration of extracts increased. Compared to the control which has WPI of 50%, both extracts were found to be highly effective antifeedants against the cowpea weevil storage pest for the time allowed for the study. The ability to protect the seeds from damage has been clearly shown by the percent protectant ability (PPA) whose value at 0.20g dose for ethanol extract was 94.74% while for petroleum ether extract it was 81.82%. The ethanol extract was therefore more effective than the petroleum ether extract at the highest dose. The results of this study therefore showed that Parkia biglobosa seed extracts possessed some antifeedant activity which may be associated with the presence of the secondary metabolites detected by the phytochemical screening.

Genus Parkia: Phytochemical, Medicinal Uses, and Pharmacological Properties

“…The stem bark of P. biglobosa is reported to contain phenols, flavonoids, sugars, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, saponins [ 11 , 38 ], alkaloid, and glycosides [ 35 , 43 , 45 ], while the leaves contain glycosides, tannins, and alkaloids in trace amount [ 11 , 23 , 46 ], in addition to flavonoids, phenols, and anthraquinones [ 47 ]. Phytochemical screening of the seeds shows the presence of saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenoids, glycosides and tannins [ 48 , 49 ]. Fermentation or roasting of P. biglobosa seeds results in the alteration of the bioactive components.…”

Evaluation of the Insecticidal Activity of Punica granatum L. and Olea europaea L. against the Dry Bean Beetle , Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera:Bruchidae)

“…Alkaloids from some plants have a similar effect of blocking the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (Aniszewski, 2007). Several investigators reported that alkaloids are strong natural insect antifeedants (Cornelious et al, 2009, Sani et al, 2014and Manosalva et al, 2019.…”

Antifeedant activity of alkaloid extracts from calafate ( Berberís microphylla , G. Forst, 1789) against diamondback moth larvae ( Plutella xylostella , Linnaeus, 1758)

“…In the case of natural antifeedant, has as an advantage that it never kills target insects directly allowing them to be available to their natural enemies and thus help in the maintenance of the natural balance (Jeyasankar et al 2012). Several investigators reported that alkaloids are strong natural insect antifeedants (González-Coloma et al 1998;Brem et al 2002;Mao & Henderson, 2007;Cornelious et al 2009;Sani et al 2014). In this sense, Berberis genus are characterized to produced alkaloids with an interesting spectrum of insecticide and antifeedant properties (Tewary et al 2005;Quevedo et al 2007;Rehman et al 2018).…”