Antifeedant activity of alkaloid extracts from calafate ( Berberís microphylla , G. Forst, 1789) against diamondback moth larvae ( Plutella xylostella , Linnaeus, 1758)

Manosalva, Loreto; Mutis, Ana; Palma, Rubén; Fajardo, Víctor; Quiróz, Andrés

doi:10.4067/s0718-686x2019000100017

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Similarly, Manosalva et al (2019) stated that alkaloid-containing extracts of Berberis microphylla are a nutritional deterrent for Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) individuals. The first step in protecting against herbivores of secondary plant metabolites is to be a nutritional deterrent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of some secondary metabolites on food consumption and pupal parameters of male and female Malacosoma neustria L. (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) larvae

BİLGENER,

ALTUN

2024

International Journal of Secondary Metabolite

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Plants produce secondary metabolites for defense against herbivorous insects. In this study, the effects of different concentrations of quinine, nicotine, and tannic acid on food consumption and pupal parameters of the larva of a severe pest, Malacosoma neustria L. (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae), were investigated in 2007. Artificial diets containing 0.125%, 0.25%, and 0.5% concentrations of quinine or nicotine were prepared. In addition, diets containing 1.25%, 2.5%, and 5% tannin and a control diet without secondary metabolite were prepared. The feeding experiments revealed that the food consumption and pupal parameters of male and female larvae were different, and all parameters of female individuals were higher than those of male larvae. It has been determined that tannins cause more reductions in food consumption and pupal parameters than alkaloids in male and female individuals. We observed an increase in male larvae's pupal mass with increased concentration of nicotine to 0.5%. Nicotine did not cause a decrease in pupal parameters of larvae compared to quinine. In addition, all parameters of female individuals decreased with the addition of secondary metabolite. Although food consumption in alkaloid-containing diets was less than in the control group, there was a positive relationship between food consumption and pupal lipid and protein content. However, quinine had a more significant effect on triggering protein storage than nicotine. In diets containing tannins, more lipids were stored. A decrease was observed in the food consumption and pupal parameters of all individuals in the tannin-containing diets compared to the other diets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of some secondary metabolites on food consumption and pupal parameters of male and female Malacosoma neustria L. (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) larvae

BİLGENER,

ALTUN

2024

International Journal of Secondary Metabolite

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“…In Berberis , such metering out of pollen is achieved by the individual stamens only bending forward once their adaxial filament base is touched by an insect’s tongue probing the nearby nectaries. Further protection of pollen grains from exploitation by pollen thieves or inefficient vectors is sometimes achieved by chemical defense ( Palmer‐Young et al, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2019 ), and we therefore examined whether the pollen grains of Berberis contain berberine, an alkaloid with antifeedant activity against herbivores and pests ( Schmeller et al, 1997 ; Manosalva et al, 2019 ). This is indeed the case ( Supplementary file 5 ), and in B. julianae , we observed bees cleaning off and discarding pollen grains that stuck to their tongues with their front legs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Especially in flowers with scarce pollen grains, such as Berberis and Mahonia, it should also be advantageous to protect pollen grains from exploitation by pollen thieves and inefficient vectors by physical or chemical mechanisms of defense (Palmer-Young et al 2019;Xiong et al 2019;Wang et al 2019). The yellow pollen grains of Berberis and Mahonia, presented on the exposed yellow anthers without physical protection, indeed may have some chemical defense via their berberine content (Table S6), an alkaloid with antifeedant activity against herbivores and pests (Schmeller et al 1997;Manosalva et al 2019). In B. julianae, we often observed pollen on bees' tongues or faces, but it was never groomed into the corbiculae (Figs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(3) Do flowers with touch-sensitive stamens export more pollen to more flowers and/or flowers further away? Lastly, we tested whether berberine, an alkaloid with antifeedant activity against herbivores found in Berberis leaves ( Schmeller et al, 1997 ; Manosalva et al, 2019 ), is also present in Berberis pollen or nectar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(3) Do mobile stamens contribute to pollinator filtering by eliciting different behaviors in different insect taxa? And (4) is berberine, an alkaloid with antifeedant activity against herbivores that is found in Berberis leaves (Schmeller et al 1997;Manosalva et al 2019), also present in Berberis pollen or nectar?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Touch-sensitive stamens enhance pollen dispersal by scaring away visitors

Han

Renner

et al. 2022

eLife

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Animal-pollinated plants have to get pollen to a conspecific stigma while protecting it from getting eaten. Touch-sensitive stamens, which are found in hundreds of flowering plants, are thought to function in enhancing pollen export and reducing its loss, but experimental tests are scarce. Stamens of Berberis and Mahonia are inserted between paired nectar glands and when touched by an insect’s tongue rapidly snap forward so that their valvate anthers press pollen on the insect’s tongue or face. We immobilized the stamens in otherwise unmodified flowers and studied pollen transfer in the field and under enclosed conditions. On flowers with immobilized stamens, the most common bee visitor stayed up to 3.6× longer, yet removed 1.3× fewer pollen grains and deposited 2.1× fewer grains on stigmas per visit. Self-pollen from a single stamen hitting the stigma amounted to 6% of the grains received from single bee visits. Bees discarded pollen passively placed on their bodies, likely because of its berberine content; nectar has no berberine. Syrphid flies fed on both nectar and pollen, taking more when stamens were immobilized. Pollen-tracking experiments in two Berberis species showed that mobile-stamen-flowers donate pollen to many more recipients. These results demonstrate another mechanism by which plants simultaneously meter out their pollen and reduce pollen theft.

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Mobile stamens enhance pollen dispersal by scaring floral visitors away

Han

Renner

et al. 2022

Preprint

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SummaryAnimal-pollinated plants have to get pollen to a conspecific stigma while protecting it from getting eaten. We provide experimental evidence that touch-sensitive stamens function in (i) enhancing pollen export and (ii) reducing pollen loss to thieves. Stamens of Berberis and Mahonia are inserted between paired nectar glands and when touched by an insect’s tongue rapidly snap forward so that their valvate anthers press pollen on the insect’s tongue or face. We immobilized the stamens in otherwise unmodified flowers and studied pollen transfer in the field and under enclosed conditions. On flowers with immobilized stamens, the commonest bee visitor stayed up to 3.6x longer, yet removed 1.3x fewer pollen grains and deposited 2.1x fewer grains on stigmas per visit. Self-pollen from a single stamen hitting the stigma amounted to 6% of the grains received from single bee visits. Bees discarded pollen passively placed on their bodies, likely because of its berberine content; nectar has no berberine. Syrphid flies fed on both nectar and pollen, taking more when stamens were immobilized. Pollen-tracking experiments in two species showed that mobile-stamen-flowers donate pollen to many more recipients. These results demonstrate another mechanism by which plants simultaneously meter out their pollen and reduce pollen theft.HighlightsStamens that snap forward when triggered by a flower visitor may serve to meter out pollen, scare away pollen thieves, or place pollen more accurately.We tested these hypotheses by experimentally immobilizing all six stamens in numerous flowers of Berberis and Mahonia species in the field and under enclosed conditions.In flowers with immobilized stamens, the commonest bee species stayed up to 3.6x longer, yet removed 1.3x fewer pollen grains and deposited 2.1x fewer grains on stigmas per visit. Mobile stamens exported their pollen to significantly more neighboring flowers.Graphic abstractBehaviour and pollen transfer after flower visitors received a beating on the tongue or in the face by the forward-snapping stamens of Berberis. Stamens only snap forward if their filament basis is touched by an insect tongue.

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Antifeedant activity of alkaloid extracts from calafate ( Berberís microphylla , G. Forst, 1789) against diamondback moth larvae ( Plutella xylostella , Linnaeus, 1758)

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

The Effect of some secondary metabolites on food consumption and pupal parameters of male and female Malacosoma neustria L. (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) larvae

The Effect of some secondary metabolites on food consumption and pupal parameters of male and female Malacosoma neustria L. (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) larvae

Touch-sensitive stamens enhance pollen dispersal by scaring away visitors

Mobile stamens enhance pollen dispersal by scaring floral visitors away

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