The perception of faces in different poses by 1‐month‐olds

Sai, F.; Bushnell, Ian

doi:10.1111/j.2044-835x.1988.tb01078.x

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Note: A comment made by an anonymous reviewer concerns the use of related t-tests in present studies and in our previous research (Sai and Bushnell, 1988;Bushnell et al, 1989;Sai, 1990). The data have been analysed again using singlesample t tests as suggested by the reviewer, and significant results were obtained, as is the case in the present studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In our previous testing (Sai, 1990;Bushnell et al, 1989;Sai and Bushnell, 1988), the newborn infants showed a number of head turns towards the stimulus faces. Such activity disappeared along with the control of the mother's voice in Exp.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Preference for the mother's live face vanished with the slightest orientation, half-profile of that face (Sai, 1990), and when hair-face line information was masked (Pascalis et al, 1995). Recognition of the half-profile pose of the mother's face was, however, possible only at 4-5 weeks from birth (Sai and Bushnell, 1988), and it was only at 10-12 weeks that infants demonstrated preference for the mother's face shown in profile (Sai, 1990). Together, these findings seem to favour the learning hypothesis; it Is possible that the infants had not been sufficiently exposed to the half-profile and profile poses of their mother's face.…”

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confidence: 95%

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The role of the mother's voice in developing mother's face preference: Evidence for intermodal perception at birth

Sai

2005

Inf. Child Develop.

173

115

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Four experiments are described which investigated the role of the mother's voice in facilitating recognition of the mother's face at birth. Experiment 1 replicated our previous findings (Br. J. Dev. Psychol. 1989; 7: 3-15; The origins of human face perception by very young infants. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK, 1990) indicating a preference for the mother's face when a control for the mother's voice and odours was used only during the testing. A second experiment adopted the same procedures, but controlled for the mother's voice from birth through testing. The neonates were at no time exposed to their mother's voice. Under these conditions, no preference was found. Further, neonates showed only few head turns towards both the mother and the stranger during the testing. Experiment 3 looked at the number of head turns under conditions where the newborn infants were exposed to both the mother's voice and face from birth to 5 to 15 min prior to testing. Again, a strong preference for the mother's face was demonstrated. Such preference, however, vanished in Experiment 4, when neonates had no previous exposure to the mother's voice-face combination. The conclusion drawn is that a prior experience with both the mother's voice and face is necessary for the development of face recognition, and that intermodal perception is evident at birth. The neonates' ability to recognize the face of the mother is most likely to be rooted in prenatal learning of the mother's voice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 95%

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The role of the mother's voice in developing mother's face preference: Evidence for intermodal perception at birth

Sai

2005

Inf. Child Develop.

173

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Even newborns preferred a still image of the mother's face over that of a female stranger (Walton, Bower, & Bower, 1992). When presented with dynamic or live faces, neonates and infants during the first month are able to discriminate the mother from a female stranger (e.g., Carpenter, Teece, Stechler, & Friedman, 1970;Field, Cohen, Garcia, & Greenberg, 1984;Sai & Bushnell, 1988). By 4-7 months, babies show discrimination among different facial expressions (Biringen, 1987;Caron, Caron, & MacLean, 1988;Kestenbaum & Nelson, 1990;Nelson & Horowitz, 1983), and perhaps even at birth (Field et al, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Intermodal Perception of Adult and Child Faces and Voices by Infants

Bahrick¹,

Netto²,

Hernandez‐Reif³

1998

Child Development

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This research investigated the ability of 4- and 7-month-old infants to match unfamiliar, dynamic faces and voices on the basis of age or maturity. In Experiment 1, infants received videotaped trials of an adult and a child of the same gender, side by side, speaking a nursery rhyme in synchrony with one another. The voice to one and then the other face was played in synchrony with the movements of both faces in a random order across 12 trials. On one block of 6 trials a man and a boy were presented, and on the other block a woman and a girl. Results indicated significant matching of the faces and voices at both ages, and the infant's prior experience with children appeared to facilitate matching at 7 months. Further, a visual preference for the children's faces was found. Experiment 2 assessed matching to the same events by 7-month-olds, only with the faces inverted. Results indicated no evidence of matching; however, the visual preference for the children's faces was replicated. Together, the findings suggest that infants are able to detect invariant intermodal relations specifying the age or maturity of a person's face and voice. This matching was most likely based on information that was degraded by inverting the faces, including invariant relations between the sound of the voice and configurational aspects of the face, or between temporal aspects of the voice and the relative motion of facial features.

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“…First, the caregiver shifts gaze, then the robot observes the caregiver's face or a spot on the table as the current target, obtaining information about S f , where the caregiver appears to be looking, or S o , what objects are being observed. We assume that the robot prefers both the caregiver's full face and salient objects to the caregiver's profile because infants appear to prefer the full human face [11] and objects with complex textures or symmetrical patterns [12]. The robot has reward variables representing such preferences.…”

Section: A Environment and Interactions Between Caregiver And Robot mentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning of Joint Attention from Detecting Causality Based on Transfer Entropy

Sumioka¹,

Yoshikawa²,

Asada³

2008

J. Robot. Mechatron.

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Abstract-Joint attention, i.e., the behavior of looking at the same object that another person is looking at, plays an important role in human and human-robot communication. Previous synthetic studies focusing on modeling the early developmental process of joint attention have proposed learning methods without explicit instructions for joint attention. In these studies, the causal structure between a perception variable (a caregiver's face direction or an individual object) and an action variable (gaze shift to a caregiver's face or to an object location) was given in advance to learn joint attention. However, such a structure is expected to be found by the robot through interaction experiences. In this paper, we investigates how transfer entropy, an information theory measure, is used to quantify the causality inherent in face-to-face interaction. In computer simulations of human-robot interaction, we examine which pair of perceptions and actions is selected as the causal pair and show that the selected pairs can be used for learning a sensorimotor map for joint attention.

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The perception of faces in different poses by 1‐month‐olds

Cited by 30 publications

References 11 publications

The role of the mother's voice in developing mother's face preference: Evidence for intermodal perception at birth

The role of the mother's voice in developing mother's face preference: Evidence for intermodal perception at birth

Intermodal Perception of Adult and Child Faces and Voices by Infants

Learning of Joint Attention from Detecting Causality Based on Transfer Entropy

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