The Pepcon Plant Fire/Explosion: A Rare Opportunity in Fire/Explosion Investigation

Mniszewski, Kim R.

doi:10.1177/104239159400600201

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Similarly, ammonium perchlorate has been studied and used for years as a propellant in rocket and ballistic applications. ,, Contrary to AN and ADN, ammonium perchlorate (NH 4 ClO 4 ) releases Cl compounds when combusted, which is a serious environmental concern, and its high instability has resulted in a number of accidents . Nevertheless, its applications in those sectors are still under constant development.…”

Section: Applications Of Nitrogen-based Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Prospective of Nitrogen-Based Alternative Fuels

et al. 2020

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Alternative fuels are essential to enable the transition to a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy supply. Synthetic fuels derived from renewable energies can act as energy storage media, thus mitigating the effects of fossil fuels on environment and health. Their economic viability, environmental impact, and compatibility with current infrastructure and technologies are fuel and power source specific. Nitrogen-based fuels pose one possible synthetic fuel pathway. In this review, we discuss the progress and current research on utilization of nitrogen-based fuels in power applications, covering the complete fuel cycle. We cover the production, distribution, and storage of nitrogen-based fuels. We assess much of the existing literature on the reactions involved in the ammonia to nitrogen atom pathway in nitrogen-based fuel combustion. Furthermore, we discuss nitrogen-based fuel applications ranging from combustion engines to gas turbines, as well as their exploitation by suggested end-uses. Thereby, we evaluate the potential opportunities and challenges of expanding the role of nitrogen-based molecules in the energy sector, outlining their use as energy carriers in relevant fields.

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Section: Applications Of Nitrogen-based Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Prospective of Nitrogen-Based Alternative Fuels

et al. 2020

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“…On 4 May 1988, a fire began in a large ammonium perchlorate (AP) warehouse located in Henderson, Nevada. This specific SD recognized as a specific incident was elucidated by Mniszewski [60]. Two large explosions occurred during the fire, each on the order of several hundred tons of TNT equivalent.…”

Section: Incidents Of Sympathetic Detonationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It is conclusive that the catastrophes caused by AN detonations can be prevented or mitigated by extinguishing the fire before it being uncontrollable. Table 7 lists the major incidents of SD with the "two-successive-explosions-following-a-fire" scenario [30,60,61]. 3.5.…”

Section: Incidents Of Sympathetic Detonationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holistic Case Study on the Explosion of Ammonium Nitrate in Tianjin Port

Duh

Yang

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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On 12 August 2015, Tianjin port, Tianjin City, China, a catastrophic explosion of Ruihai International Logistics Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China) killed 173 and hurt almost 798 people, accompanying a financial loss of almost USD 2 billion. The ignition of the first fire due to the autocatalytic decomposition of nitrocellulose was verified by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) isothermal tests. A crater with a diameter of 97 m was created by the second explosion. For the second catastrophic explosion, an amount of 577 tons of trinitrotoluene was determined by the average through scaling law, crater inverse analysis and blast effects on structures. The overpressure against distance for consequence analysis was conducted using Baker’s, Sadovski’s and Alonso’s methodologies. A distinctive scenario of “two-successive-sympathetic detonations-following-a-fire” was proposed and discussed. Isothermal time-to-maximum-rate was validated to be approximately 9 days for the nitrocellulose inside the containers with an internal temperature of 60 °C stored at Tianjin port. A fatality radius chosen at the overpressure of 0.6 bar was ascertained to be nearly 410 m from the explosion origin.

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Particulate Hazard Scenarios and Examples

2004

Guidelines for Safe Handling of Powders and Bulk Solids

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The Pepcon Plant Fire/Explosion: A Rare Opportunity in Fire/Explosion Investigation

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Progress and Prospective of Nitrogen-Based Alternative Fuels

Progress and Prospective of Nitrogen-Based Alternative Fuels

Holistic Case Study on the Explosion of Ammonium Nitrate in Tianjin Port

Particulate Hazard Scenarios and Examples

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