The Pennsylvanian–Early Permian Bird Spring Carbonate Shelf, Southeastern California: Fusulinid Biostratigraphy, Paleogeographic Evolution, and Tectonic Implications

Geologic map of the Providence Mountains in parts of the Fountain Peak and adjacent 7.5' quadrangles, San Bernardino County, California

“…Identical green tuffaceous rocks also form a Quaternary landslide mass downslope of these outcrops. (Thompson and Hazzard, 1946;Wilson, 1994;Stevens and Stone, 2007). Lower part is composed of medium-to darkgray, thick-bedded to massive limestone that commonly contains abundant lenses and nodules of dark-brown chert, including rare spherical to subspherical nodules ("golf ball chert").…”

“…Fusulinids were collected in 1985, 2004, and 2007-2010. The collections from 1985 and 2004 were included in a regional study of Late Pennsylvanian and early Permian (Cisuralian) fusulinids by Stevens and Stone (2007); those from 2007-2010 are reported here (table 3; fig. 11).…”

“…11). All of the samples reported here represent the early Permian (late Asselian to middle Sakmarian) Fusulinid Zone 3 of Stevens and Stone (2007). …”

Late Early Permian (late Leonardian; Kungurian) algae, microproblematica, and smaller foraminifers from the Yeso Group and San Andres Formation (New Mexico; USA)

“…In general, the Leonardian regional stage is less known than the other Permian stages in the USA (Dunbar et al, 1960;Ross, 1960Ross, , 1962Ross, , 1986Ross, , 1995Magginetti et al, 1988;Fichten et al, 1995;Davydov, 1996;Davydov et al, 1997;Ross and Ross, 2003;Stevens and Stone, 2007); and in all of the Americas (Johnson and Kaska, 1965;Pérez-Ramos, 1992;Vachard et al, 1997;2000a, 2000b, 2000cGroves, 2000;Pérez-Ramos and Nestell, 2002). The equivalents of the Leonardian are the Artinskian and Kungurian of the Ural Mountains in Russia (e.g., Chuvashov et al, 1990;Anfimov et al, 1991); two stages which are now the international references in chronostratigraphy.…”

Variability of Pennsylvanian–Permian Carbonate Associations and implications for NW Pangea Palaeogeography, east-central British Columbia, Canada

“…The Peace River Basin is a complex tectono-stratigraphic element at the 172 convergence of multiple tectonic interactions and was the locus of both differential 173 subsidence and uplift that occurred at varying rates and time in different areas. The 174 location of the Peace River Basin was in part determined by tectonically-controlled 175 palaeogeographic elements such as the Beatton High and Sukunka Uplift (Henderson et 176 al. 2002).…”