The peniotron: A fast wave device for efficient high power mm-wave generation

A W-band sixth-harmonic magnetron-type slotted peniotron

“…The resonance condition of the peniotron for the excitation of an mth order azimuthal mode with an axis-encircling beam is given in Eq. (1). Due to the isochronous resonance, the electrons resulting in anẼ ÂB drift move towards the position where they are phased to lose energy 14…”

“…In our study, we choose the peniotron operating at circularly polarized 2p mode. The advantages of the interaction using the 2p mode in the magnetron structure for cyclotron high harmonic operations are including: (1) The number of corrugations on the waveguide wall is half of that in a conventional p mode tube for the operation at the same cyclotron harmonic. (2) The loss in resonator is the smallest, because the 2p mode wave in the waveguide is similar to the TE 0,1 mode wave (both have only radial and axial the magnetic field component and therefore no axial but azimuthal waveguide wall current).…”

The harmonic gyrotron with a symmetrical double‐ridge structure

“…Insensitiveness to polarization fluctuations of the received optical field could be achieved by conventional methods 11, 21 but the possibility of using a simple feedforward electronic algorithm [5] based on the characteristics of polarization fluctuations at the output of a single-mode fiber allows a more = [ ( x l + ix2) x + ( x , + ix4)y]etiU~#, (1) where x and y are the reference axes unit vectors, xi (i = 1, 2, 3, 4) are the field quadratures, and the received optical power P is given by P = x: + x: + x: + x i .…”

“…As an example, in this article, a binary antipodal system is considered. In this case the electronic algorithm described in [5] can be used to track the Poincare sphere rotation induced by the fiber birefringence so that the decision variable 4,…”

Moderate-Perveance Cusp Electron Gun for High-Efficiency Harmonic Peniotrons

“…The peniotron has been known for almost twenty years to potentially be capable of nearly complete electron energy transfer to wave energy [2][3][4][5][6][7]. However, peniotrons are usually dominated by competing gyrotron interactions, so that the peniotron is suppressed before it can reach saturation [8].…”