The penetration of gamma-rays through water, iron, lead, and combinations of iron and lead

Tsypin, S. G.; Kukhtevich, V. I.; Kazansky, Yu.A.

doi:10.1007/bf01506934

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Figure 19 shows the transmission of

-rays through iron, a ferromagnetic material used in some MgO-based MTJs [ 2 , 174 , 181 ].

-rays can penetrate through iron for several centimeters, consistent with other reports [ 182 ]. Thus,

-rays with various energy levels can easily penetrate entire MTJs, which consist of metal nano-films and thick electrodes, after passing through the top electrodes.…”

Section: Effects Of -Ray Irradiationsupporting

confidence: 92%

Electromagnetic Radiation Effects on MgO-Based Magnetic Tunnel Junctions: A Review

et al. 2023

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Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) have been widely utilized in sensitive sensors, magnetic memory, and logic gates due to their tunneling magnetoresistance. Moreover, these MTJ devices have promising potential for renewable energy generation and storage. Compared with Si-based devices, MTJs are more tolerant to electromagnetic radiation. In this review, we summarize the functionalities of MgO-based MTJ devices under different electromagnetic irradiation environments, with a focus on gamma-ray radiation. We explore the effects of these radiation exposures on the MgO tunnel barriers, magnetic layers, and interfaces to understand the origin of their tolerance. This review enhances our knowledge of the radiation tolerance of MgO-based MTJs, improves the design of these MgO-based MTJ devices with better tolerances, and provides information to minimize the risks of irradiation under various irradiation environments. This review starts with an introduction to MTJs and irradiation backgrounds, followed by the fundamental properties of MTJ materials, such as the MgO barrier and magnetic layers. Then, we review and discuss the MTJ materials and devices’ radiation tolerances under different irradiation environments, including high-energy cosmic radiation, gamma-ray radiation, and lower-energy electromagnetic radiation (X-ray, UV–vis, infrared, microwave, and radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation). In conclusion, we summarize the radiation effects based on the published literature, which might benefit material design and protection.

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“…Figure 19 shows the transmission of

-rays through iron, a ferromagnetic material used in some MgO-based MTJs [ 2 , 174 , 181 ].

-rays can penetrate through iron for several centimeters, consistent with other reports [ 182 ]. Thus,

-rays with various energy levels can easily penetrate entire MTJs, which consist of metal nano-films and thick electrodes, after passing through the top electrodes.…”

Section: Effects Of -Ray Irradiationsupporting

confidence: 92%

Electromagnetic Radiation Effects on MgO-Based Magnetic Tunnel Junctions: A Review

et al. 2023

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“…These gamma rays are reaching the earth's atmosphere due to the gravity wave induced reduction in ozone concentration. The low energy gamma rays ( 1.24 MeV) reaching the surface of the earth are not passing through matter [26], as such these will not penetrate deep into the sea instead are absorbed by the upper layer of the seawater and the particles get excited. Due to this absorption of energy the H + ion in seawater becomes more active, which decreases the pH value of sea water.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of solar eclipse on seawater

Kumar¹,

Rengaiyan²

2011

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Eclipse induced changes in solar radiation is a common interest of scientists all over the world. The disturbance of the heat balance along the supersonic travel of the trajectory of the Moon's shadow could generate gravity waves during solar eclipse, which results a reduction in the concentration of ozone layer in the stratosphere. We, in this context, conducted some experiments to detect the possible radiations reaching the surface of the earth and the impact of such radiation in seawater during the recent total and annular solar eclipses. This is the first time that the variation in pH value of seawater during solar eclipse is examined, and the experimental data demonstrated that the solar eclipse phenomenon affects the pH value of seawater due to the shorter wavelength radiations received on the surface of the earth. The reduction is around 20% and 40% of the difference between ordinary water and seawater during total and annular eclipses respectively. The multidisciplinary influences of these findings are addressed.

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References

1965

The Propagation of Gamma Quanta in Matter

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The penetration of gamma-rays through water, iron, lead, and combinations of iron and lead

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Electromagnetic Radiation Effects on MgO-Based Magnetic Tunnel Junctions: A Review

Electromagnetic Radiation Effects on MgO-Based Magnetic Tunnel Junctions: A Review

Influence of solar eclipse on seawater

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