The Patient Hygiene Performance Method as an Indication of Behavioral Change Following Persuasive Communications; A Study of Validity*

Ramírez, Albert; Lasater, Thomas M.; Bethart, H; McNeal, Donald R.

doi:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1971.tb00607.x

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The scores of the PHP index ranged from 0 (no debris; extremely clean) to 30 (extensive debris; extremely dirty). Previous research (Ramirez et al, 1971) has supported the validity of this technique for determining recent toothbrushing behavior.…”

Section: Dependent Variablesmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Toothbrushing behavior was assessed by the use of a chemical (erythrosin) which dyes red the debris (e.g., mucin and bacteria) on the teeth. Although there are several ways of utilizing erythrosin for assessing cleanliness of teeth (e.g., Arnim, 1963;Evans et al, 1968;Podshadley & Haley, 1968;Ramirez et al, 1971), the specific assessment procedure used in the present study was the Patient Hygiene Performance (PHI') Index developed by Podshadley and Haley (1968). A public health dentist familiar with this procedure assessed the cleanliness of subjects' teeth by examining the amount of debris present on six predetermined tooth surfaces.…”

Section: Dependent Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…change is not consistent with reported anxiety or attitude. Since it is not uncommon for anxiety and attitudes to change without accompanying changes in action and vice versa (Evans, Rozelle, Lasater, Dembroski, & Allen, 1970;Leventhal, 1970;Leventhal, Jones & Trembly, 1966;Mazen & Leventhal, 1972), the present studies included a chemical dye, which can be used to measure actual toothbrushing behavior (Evans, Rozelle, Lasater, Dembroski, & Allen, 1968;Evans et al, 1970;Ramirez, Lasater, Bethart & McNeal, 1971). Thus, a third aim of these investigations was to explore the relationships between attitude, reported anxiety, reported behavior and actual behavior, an issue of theoretical importance to social psychology in general and fear arousing persuasion in particular (Leventhal, 1970).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Communicator Similarity, Fear Arousing Communications, and Compliance with Health Care Recommendations¹

Dembroski

Lasater

Ramírez

1978

J Applied Social Pyschol

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Using a pretest-treatment-multiple posttest design, two studies were conducted to investigate the effects of race of communicator and different levels of fear-arousing dental health appeals on reported anxiety, attitudes, information retention, and behavior change among 304 black, junior high school students. In addition to paper-and-pencil measures, a chemical dye (erythrosin), which stains red the bacteria concentrations on teeth, was used to measure changes of actual toothbrushing behavior. The results of the two studies for behavior change were reasonably consistent. Irrespective of the fear level of the message, the similar communicator produced more immediate behavior change than the dissimilar communicator, and correlations showed that anxiety reports were unrelated to behavior change. Overall, fear communications positively influenced anxiety and attitudes but did not affect behavior. The findings suggest that caution be exercised in using self reports as measures of effectiveness of persuasive communications and additional factors need to be incorporated into existing theories to account for differential reactions to threat appeals.Research has demonstrated that changes in attitudes and behavior are more likely to occur when the source and recipient of a communication are similar rather than dissimilar. Influence has been affected by source-recipient similarity in occupations and life styles (DabbsThe Mazen and Leventhal study was particularly interesting because it was conducted in a natural setting in which source similarity was varied visually and included a measure of an important real-life behavior. The results not only showed that a similar communicator can increase compliance, but also that a boomerang effect can be generated by a dissimilar communicator. Expectant mothers developed significantly more negative attitudes toward breast feeding their children when the communicator was dissimilar in race, and significantly increased actual breast feeding behavior when the communicator was similar in race. Curiously, source similarity affected positive action more than positive attitude change. The effect held whether the communicator personally endorsed the message or presented it as factual information. These results are consistent with recent evidence that suggests the emergence of a more positive self concept among black people (Caplan, 1970;Hall, Cross & Freedle, 1972) and own-group preference among black children, including those living in the deep south (Epstein, Krupat & Obudho, 1975;Gregor & McPherson, 1966;Hraba & Grant, 1970).One aim of the present studies was t o investigate further whether similarity of race of communicator in a natural setting enhances attitudinal and behavioral compliance with the recommendations of a communication. A second aim was to determine whether the effects of the content of a communication can override the impact of communicator-recipient similarity. To accomplish this, black junior high school students in two southern cities were confronted with different level...

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Section: Dependent Variablesmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Dependent Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Communicator Similarity, Fear Arousing Communications, and Compliance with Health Care Recommendations¹

Dembroski

Lasater

Ramírez

1978

J Applied Social Pyschol

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The Effect of Behavior Relevant Information on Attitude-Behavior Consistency

Weigel

Amsterdam

1976

The Journal of Social Psychology

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Ethnicity of Communicator, Self-Esteem, and Reactions to Fear-Arousing Communications

Ramírez

Lasater²

1977

The Journal of Social Psychology

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The Patient Hygiene Performance Method as an Indication of Behavioral Change Following Persuasive Communications; A Study of Validity*

Abstract: Dr. Ramirez and his group have tested the PHP index as a technic to use in the evaluation of the effectiveness of instruction in toothbrushing.

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Communicator Similarity, Fear Arousing Communications, and Compliance with Health Care Recommendations¹

Communicator Similarity, Fear Arousing Communications, and Compliance with Health Care Recommendations¹

The Effect of Behavior Relevant Information on Attitude-Behavior Consistency

Ethnicity of Communicator, Self-Esteem, and Reactions to Fear-Arousing Communications

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The Patient Hygiene Performance Method as an Indication of Behavioral Change Following Persuasive Communications; A Study of Validity*

Abstract: Dr. Ramirez and his group have tested the PHP index as a technic to use in the evaluation of the effectiveness of instruction in toothbrushing.

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Communicator Similarity, Fear Arousing Communications, and Compliance with Health Care Recommendations1

Communicator Similarity, Fear Arousing Communications, and Compliance with Health Care Recommendations1

The Effect of Behavior Relevant Information on Attitude-Behavior Consistency

Ethnicity of Communicator, Self-Esteem, and Reactions to Fear-Arousing Communications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Communicator Similarity, Fear Arousing Communications, and Compliance with Health Care Recommendations¹

Communicator Similarity, Fear Arousing Communications, and Compliance with Health Care Recommendations¹