The Pathophysiology of Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity

Zametkin, Alan J.; Rapoport, Judith L.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-9823-3_6

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…1980;Pontius. 1973;Rosenthal & Allen, 1978;Stamm & Kreder, 1979;Zametkin & Rapoport, 1986) based on the observation that frontal lesions in both experimental animals and human patients sometimes produce hyperactivity. distractibility or impulsivity.…”

Section: Ef Results and Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So the neurochemical mechanisms may be more complex, although the ubiquitous problem of heterogeneity in ADHD samples is another explanation. Zametkin and Rapoport (1986) argue that no single neurotransmitter is exclusively involved in the pathogenesis of ADHD, both because stimulant medications always affect more than one neurotransmitter and because of the multiple interrelations among specific catecholamines and their precursors and metabolites. They and Oades (1987) both argue that the combined action of dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems should be considered in the biology of ADHD.…”

Section: Neurobiological Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Executive Functions and Developmental Psychopathology

Pennington¹,

Ozonoff²

1996

Child Psychology Psychiatry

2,605

1,931

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In this paper, we consider the domain of executive functions (EFs) and their possible role in developmental psychopathologies. We first consider general theoretical and measurement issues involved in studying EFs and then review studies of EFs in four developmental psychopathologies: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD), autism, and Tourette syndrome (TS). Our review reveals that EF deficits are consistently found in both ADHD and autism but not in CD (without ADHD) or in TS. Moreover, both the severity and profile of EF deficits appears to differ across ADHD and autism. Molar EF deficits are more severe in the latter than the former. In the few studies of more specific EF tasks, there are impairments in motor inhibition in ADHD but not in autism, whereas there are impairments in verbal working memory in autism but not ADHD. We close with a discussion of implications for future research.

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Section: Ef Results and Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neurobiological Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive Functions and Developmental Psychopathology

Pennington¹,

Ozonoff²

1996

Child Psychology Psychiatry

2,605

1,931

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It has been established that EF may also be a core deficit in ADHD (e.g., Mattes, 1980;Ozonoff, 1997;Pennington & Ozonoff, 1996;Zametkin & Rapoport, 1986), and therefore, it would not be surprising to see symptoms of ADHD in the autism spectrum. Recently, ADHD and autism have both been linked to a genetic marker on chromosome 16 (locus 16p13; Smalley et al, 2002) indicating a shared genetic association or possible common etiology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Psychological and Neurobehavioral Comparisons of Children with Asperger’s Disorder Versus High-Functioning Autism

Thede

Coolidge

2006

J Autism Dev Disord

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This study investigated personality and neurobehavioral differences between 16 children with Asperger's Disorder, 15 children with High-Functioning Autism (HFA), and 31 controls, all ranging in age from 5-17 years, M age = 10.7 years, SD = 3.0. Parents rated their children's behaviors on a 44-item autistic symptoms survey and on the 200-item Coolidge Personality and Neuropsychological Inventory (Coolidge, Thede, Stewart, & Segal (2002a). The Coolidge Personality and Neuropsychological Inventory for Children (CPNI): Preliminary psychometric characteristics. Behavior Modification, 26, 550-566). The results indicated that the two clinical samples were significantly elevated on the Executive Function Deficits scale and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) scale compared to controls. There were more similarities than differences between the two clinical samples on the personality scales, although the Asperger's group scored significantly on the two scales with anxiety components.

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“…Gualtieri and Hicks (1985) hypothesized that frontal lobe dysfunction may cause symptoms of ADHD, since diseases or injuries that affect this region of the brain result in symptoms similar to ADHD, symptoms such as poor impulse control, inattentiveness, and disinhibition. Others (Zametkin & Rapoport, 1986) described problems between the prefrontal areas and the limbic system that are most likely related to dopamine deficiencies. Hynd et al (1991) reported that the subtle differences in the brains of children with ADHD may be related to deviations in normal corticogenesis.…”

Section: Sugar In the Diet Does Not Adversely Affect The Performance mentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder—Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management

Shealy

1994

Child Adoles Psych Nursing

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a developmentally disabling disorder of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity that affects 3%-20% of school-aged children. It affects the child at home, at school, and with peers, and persists into adolescence and young adulthood. The author reviews the diagnostic criteria, etiological considerations, evaluation process, and management of this handicapping disorder. Included is a discussion of the most frequently used medications and suggestions for home and classroom management strategies that assist the child to behave and achieve success in school. It is pertinent to all nurses, since children with ADHD are in all settings and nurses are often asked questions about this controversial health care issue in both professional and personal arenas.

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The Pathophysiology of Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity

Cited by 28 publications

References 72 publications

Executive Functions and Developmental Psychopathology

Executive Functions and Developmental Psychopathology

Psychological and Neurobehavioral Comparisons of Children with Asperger’s Disorder Versus High-Functioning Autism

Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder—Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management

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