The Pathophysiology and Management of Taste Changes in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Review

Brennan, Frank; Stevenson, Jessica; Brown, Mark

doi:10.1053/j.jrn.2019.11.004

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Notably, those who brushed their teeth once to twice a day exhibited an elevated eGFR and milder CKD staging compared to those who brushed their teeth after every meal. A previous study revealed that a high concentration of salivary urea is associated with a bitter taste in patients with CKD [22], and patients with CKD possibly brush their teeth more frequently because of the bitter taste, whereas our data show that there was no large difference in the severity of CKD among the different groups classi ed according to the frequency of tooth brushing. In sub-analyses strati ed by baseline CKD risk group, frequent tooth brushing was associated with a lower frequency of composite renal outcomes in the low and moderate risk groups.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

Frequency of Tooth Brushing as a Predictive Factor for Future Kidney Function Decline

Hirano

Shimbo

Komatsu

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundTooth brushing is important for maintaining oral health and preventing periodontal diseases, which commonly arise in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the association between tooth brushing frequency and kidney function decline remains unclear. MethodsWe conducted a retrospective longitudinal study at St Luke’s International Hospital, Japan, and participants who underwent health examinations at the Centre for Preventive Medicine from 2005 to 2011 were included. Participants’ tooth brushing frequencies were assessed; multivariate analyses were conducted using a generalized estimating equation to evaluate the association between tooth brushing frequency and a composite renal outcome – composed of a 25% eGFR reduction, an eGFR of <15 mL/min/1.73 m², and a requirement for regular dialysis – after adjusting for potential covariates. We also stratified participants by baseline CKD risk category to perform sub-analyses. ResultsOverall, 76,472 participants were included (mean age of 45.9 years) and 38,233 (50%) were male. During follow-up, 8,219 participants (10.8%) experienced composite renal outcomes. Brushing teeth at least once to twice a day was associated with significantly lower incidences of composite renal outcomes than brushing teeth less frequently (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.26; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.24–0.28 for once to twice a day; adjusted OR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.62–0.69 for after every meal). In our sub-analyses, brushing at least once to twice a day related to a decreased likelihood of composite renal outcomes; however, this effect was only observed within the low and moderate baseline risk groups. ConclusionFrequent tooth brushing benefits oral health and may prevent kidney function decline, which could have implications for other systemic diseases. However, a longitudinal cohort study is required to confirm whether tooth brushing can prevent poor renal outcomes.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

Frequency of Tooth Brushing as a Predictive Factor for Future Kidney Function Decline

Hirano

Shimbo

Komatsu

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Alguns estudos observacionais descrevem uma prevalência em torno de 80% das alterações na mucosa oral e nas papilas gustativas nessa população [7][8][9][10] . Os sintomas mais encontrados em todos os estágios da DRC são: xerostomia, disgeusia, hálito urêmico e problemas periodontais 12,14 .…”

Section: Elaboração Do Conteúdo Do E-bookunclassified

“…Pode-se citar o sangramento gengival supostamente causado pelo uso de anticoagulante, além do odor urêmico 7,11 . Essas alterações bucais podem ser reações às toxinas nos tecidos ou pela ação da amônia, que forma o amônio, um composto originado pela ação de bactérias na cavidade oral 12 . 7 apontam as consequências sobre a qualidade de vida dos portadores de DRC em virtude das alterações orais ocorridas no desequilíbrio dos metabólitos, como a halitose, a qual pode ser sentida a 10 cm de distância, a xerostomia responsável pela dificuldade na fala, na mastigação e até mesmo na deglutição dos alimentos.…”

Section: Elaboração Do Conteúdo Do E-bookunclassified

Alterações no paladar na doença renal crônica: elaboração de manual educativo

Netzner¹,

Borges²

2022

HRJ

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Introdução: As alterações no paladar (disgeusia) podem estar presentes em aproximadamente 40% dos portadores de doença renal crônica (DRC), levando ao risco nutricional e aos desfechos negativos. Objetivo: Elaborar um manual educativo para os indivíduos com DRC sobre as diferentes alterações no paladar e as possíveis condutas nutricionais. Método: O manual educativo foi elaborado em duas etapas: revisão da literatura científica existente e elaboração do manual educativo na forma de e-book. Resultado: Produção de e-book contendo informações sobre os tipos de sabores existentes, as alterações nos sabores salgado, metálico, amargo, azedo, doce, diminuição do paladar (hipogeusia) e orientações para ingestão de líquidos. Conclusão: Esse manual proporcionou informações relevantes e contribuiu para a assistência nutricional ao portador de DRC. As intervenções educacionais promovem o autogerenciamento, a fim de reduzir os impactos negativos relacionados à doença.

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“…Deranged gustatory function has been associated with a higher risk of developing metabolic disorders such as obesity [ 11 ]. Patients with renal function impairment have a significantly higher probability of acquiring dysgeusia and an altered gustatory threshold compared to those without [ 12 ], and this abnormality compromises their quality of life and potentially contributes to nutritional imbalances. However, it is still unclear whether gustatory function plays a role in influencing the probability of having VC and whether such a relationship is affected by serum phosphate levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gustatory Function and the Uremic Toxin, Phosphate, Are Modulators of the Risk of Vascular Calcification among Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Pilot Study

Chen

Chiang

Chao

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an increased risk of vascular calcification (VC), including aortic arch calcification (AAC). Few investigated the influence of gustatory function on the probability of having VC. We examined whether gustatory function results modulated the probability of having VC in patients with CKD. We prospectively enrolled adults with CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2), with their AAC rated semi-quantitatively and gustatory function assessed by objective and subjective approaches. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between gustatory function results and AAC. Those with AAC had significantly better objective gustatory function in aggregate scores (p = 0.039) and categories (p = 0.022) and less defective bitter taste (p = 0.045) and scores (p = 0.037) than those without. Multiple regression analyses showed that higher aggregate scores (odds ratio (OR) 1.288, p = 0.032), or better gustatory function, and higher bitter taste scores (OR 2.558, p = 0.019) were each associated with a higher probability of having AAC among CKD patients; such an association was modulated by serum phosphate levels. In conclusion, better gustatory function was independently correlated with having AAC among CKD patients. A follow-up of VC severity may be an underrecognized component of care for CKD patients with a preserved gustatory function.

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The Pathophysiology and Management of Taste Changes in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Review

Cited by 20 publications

References 66 publications

Frequency of Tooth Brushing as a Predictive Factor for Future Kidney Function Decline

Frequency of Tooth Brushing as a Predictive Factor for Future Kidney Function Decline

Alterações no paladar na doença renal crônica: elaboração de manual educativo

Gustatory Function and the Uremic Toxin, Phosphate, Are Modulators of the Risk of Vascular Calcification among Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Pilot Study

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