The Pathology of Tumors, Part III: Grading, Staging &amp; Classification

Rosaí, Juan; Ackerman, Lauren V.

doi:10.3322/canjclin.29.2.66

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…A major problem in the diagnosis of inflammatory alterations in large tissue samples is the heterogeneity of the inflammatory reaction. So this study recommends selecting for analysis those areas with the greatest alterations, a method that, by analogy, has proven successful in histopathological tumour diagnosis, particularly for the grading of sarcomas 24 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synovitis score: discrimination between chronic low‐grade and high‐grade synovitis

Krenn¹,

Morawietz²,

et al. 2006

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synovitis score: discrimination between chronic low‐grade and high‐grade synovitis

Krenn¹,

Morawietz²,

et al. 2006

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“…Im vorliegenden Score wurde vorgeschlagen, die Verän-derungen an den Orten der stärksten Ausprägung zu beurteilen. Dieses Prinzip hat sich in der histopathologischen Tumordiagnostik, insbesondere in der Graduierung von Sarkomen [24] als erfolgreich erwiesen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden hauptsächlich Synovialektomiepräparate untersucht, welche auch die Areale mit dem stärksten Entzündungs-befund umfassten.…”

Section: Eigenschaften Des Vorgeschlagenen Synovialitis-scoresunclassified

Synovialitis-Score: Histopathologisches Graduierungsschema rheumatischer und nicht-rheumatischer Synovialitiden

et al. 2005

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Standardization of the histopathological assessment of synovial membrane specimens might facilitate the diagnosis of chronic rheumatic and non-rheumatic joint diseases. We would like to propose a histological graduation scheme ("synovialitis score"), which is applicable to all forms of synovitis, irrespective of its etiology. This score evaluates the three compartments of chronic synovialitis [enlargement of lining cell layer, activation of synovial stroma (i. e. resident cells), leukocytic infiltrate] semiquantitatively (from 0=absent to 3=strong). Each compartment is graded separately, and the sum resembles the synovialitis score, which is interpreted as follows: 0-1: no synovialitis, 2- 3: slight synovialitis, 4-6: moderate synovialitis, 7-9: strong synovialitis (for sample photos see also www.charite.de/ch/patho/Webpage/pages/forschung/arbeitsgruppen/ag-krenn/index.htm). A total of 483 synovial specimens (resections n=462, biopsies n=21) were graded by two independent observers. Clinical diagnoses were osteoarthrosis (OA; n=153), posttraumatic arthritis (PtA; n=31), rheumatoid arthritis (RA; n=239), psoriatic arthritis (PsA; n=32), reactive arthritis (ReA; n=7), and controls (Co, n=21) from necropsies of patients without joint damage. The correlation between two observers was high (p<0.001). The correlation coefficient between the different samples from the same joint in n=112 cases was between 0.86 and 0.95. Median synovialitis scores when correlated with clinical diagnoses were: Co 0.5, OA 2, PtA 3, PsA 3, ReA 4, RA 5. The differences in scores between Co and all other groups were highly significant (p<0.001). A synovialitis score of 4 points and more was strongly associated with rheumatic joint diseases (sensitivity 73%, specificity 86%). Validation of the synovialitis score by gene expression data showed good correlations for the lining cell enlargement with MMP1 (0.685), for the leukocytic infiltrate with CD3 (0.754) and CD138 (0.744) and for the stroma activation with CD14 (0.744). The proposed synovialitis score is based on well definable histopathologic criteria and contributes to the diagnosis of rheumatic and non-rheumatic joint diseases.

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“…Pathologists have long since recognized the morphologic changes and cell-to-cell heterogeneity present within tumors. In fact, the intertumoral heterogeneity observed between patients and the intratumoral heterogeneity present within the same patient form the basis for the histological classification of tumors [89,90]. In addition, oncologists have noted for decades the heterogeneous responses of tumors to chemotherapy-some tumors decrease in size (cytotoxic effect), whereas others remain unchanged (cytostatic) or continue to grow (refractory) [91,92].…”

Section: The Relationship Between Cin and Intertumoral And Intratumormentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome Instability; Implications in Cancer Development, Progression, and Clinical Outcomes

Vishwakarma

McManus

2020

Cancers

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Chromosome instability (CIN) refers to an ongoing rate of chromosomal changes and is a driver of genetic, cell-to-cell heterogeneity. It is an aberrant phenotype that is intimately associated with cancer development and progression. The presence, extent, and level of CIN has tremendous implications for the clinical management and outcomes of those living with cancer. Despite its relevance in cancer, there is still extensive misuse of the term CIN, and this has adversely impacted our ability to identify and characterize the molecular determinants of CIN. Though several decades of genetic research have provided insight into CIN, the molecular determinants remain largely unknown, which severely limits its clinical potential. In this review, we provide a definition of CIN, describe the two main types, and discuss how it differs from aneuploidy. We subsequently detail its impact on cancer development and progression, and describe how it influences metastatic potential with reference to cancer prognosis and outcomes. Finally, we end with a discussion of how CIN induces genetic heterogeneity to influence the use and efficacy of several precision medicine strategies, including patient and risk stratification, as well as its impact on the acquisition of drug resistance and disease recurrence.

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The Pathology of Tumors, Part III: Grading, Staging & Classification

Cited by 22 publications

References 2 publications

Synovitis score: discrimination between chronic low‐grade and high‐grade synovitis

Synovitis score: discrimination between chronic low‐grade and high‐grade synovitis

Synovialitis-Score: Histopathologisches Graduierungsschema rheumatischer und nicht-rheumatischer Synovialitiden

Chromosome Instability; Implications in Cancer Development, Progression, and Clinical Outcomes

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