The pathology and pathogenesis of Trypanosoma vivax infection in the goat

Inch, T. S. G. A. M Van Den; Zwart, D.; Schotman, A. J. H.; Miert, A. S. J. P. A. M. van; Veenendaal, G.

doi:10.1016/s0034-5288(18)33334-4

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Erythrophagocytosis, haemosiderosis, and hyperplasia of macrophages, plasma cells and Mott cells were the generalized changes seen and were present in the spleen, liver and lymph nodes of infected animals (5,10,43,85,120,152). The formation of fibrin microthrombi in blood vessels of the testes, kidney and brain has also been reported in acute cases (5,10,85,152).…”

Section: His Topathologymentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Erythroid hyperplasia with a drop in myeloid: erythroid ratio was present (9, 11 7). Myeloid elements and megakaryocytes also increased (1 17), and extramedullary haemopoiesis was reported (85,152). Thrombocytopenia was present in infected cattle (117,153).…”

Section: Haematological Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most striking feature of T. vivax infections in ruminants is the absence of any severe or pathognomonic lesions which may be expected to accompany the severe debilitation observed terminally (5,10). Gross lesions observed included emaciation, dehydration, oedema and enlargement of the lymph nodes, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly (sometimes with fatty degeneration), gelatinous atrophy of body fat, pallor of the organs, enlargement of haemolymph nodes and accumulation of straw-coloured fluid in the serosal cavities (5,10,52,76,85,120,136,152,157). In acute cases only, petechial and ecchymotic haemorrhages have been described, in various combinations, in the lymph nodes, subcutaneous tissue, peri-renal fat, muscles including the diaphragm, and in the heart, kidneys, tongue, pleura, serosa of the intestine, larynx, mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, and in the mucosae of the gall bladder and vagina (10,69,76,120,152,153,157).…”

Section: Gross Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The red pulp of the spleen was expanded considerably and hypercellular, and was composed of a close assembly of lymphocytes, plasma cells, red blood cells, and macrophages (10,120,136,152). Scattered areas of necrosis were described in the spleen of one goat with acute disease but not in 2 others with similar disease or those with chronic infection (152).…”

Section: His Topathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diseases produced by Trypanosoma vivax in Ruminants, Horses and Rodents

Anosa

1983

Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B

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Summary The economic importance, incidence, epizootiology, diagnosis and treatment, as well as the clinical and pathological features of the diseases produced in ruminants, horses and rodents by Trypanosoma vivax, are reviewed. T. vivax is considered to be the most important trypanosome species affecting livestock, and is widely distributed in West Africa, East Africa, as well as in other areas where it exists in the absence of its traditional vector, Glossina, e.g. South America and Mauritius. A total of 164 references are cited. Zusammenfassung Krankheiten bei Wiederkäuern, Pferden und Nagern, die durch Trypanosoma vivax hervorgerufen werden Sowohl die wirtschaftliche Bedeutung, Vorkommen, Epizootiologie, Diagnose und Behandlung als auch die klinischen und pathologischen Merkmale der Krankheiten, verursacht durch Trypanosoma vivax bei Wiederkäuern, Pferden und Nagern, werden besprochen. Trypanosoma vivax wird als die wichtigste Spezies angesehen, die den Tierbestand befällt, und sie ist weit verbreitet sowohl in West‐ und Ost‐Afrika als auch in anderen Gebieten, wo sie ohne ihren traditionellen Überträger, Glossina, vorkommt, z. B. in Südamerika und Mauritius. Es werden insgesamt 164 Literaturstellen zitiert. Resumen Las enfermedades producidas por Trypanosoma vivax en rumiantes, caballos y roedores Se describen la importancia económica, incidencia, epizootología, diagnóstico y tratamiento, además los aspectos de las enfermedades ocasionadas por Trypanosoma vivax en rumiantes, caballos y roedores. Trypanosoma vivax se considera como la especie más importante que afecta a la ganadería; su distribución es amplia, tanto por el Africa Occidental y el Oriental como también en otras áreas, donde existe en la ausencia de su vector tradicional, Glossina, por ej. en América del Sur y en Mauricio. Se aportan 164 citas bibliográficas.

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Section: His Topathologymentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Haematological Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gross Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: His Topathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diseases produced by Trypanosoma vivax in Ruminants, Horses and Rodents

Anosa

1983

Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B

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“…T. vivax produces immunosuppression, which has also been demonstrated in goats 43 . Thrombocytopenia, microthrombus formation and hemorrhage suggestive of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) have been observed in goats infected with T. vivax 44,45 …”

Section: T Vivaxmentioning

confidence: 97%

Trypanosomosis in Goats

Gutiérrez

Corbera

Morales

et al. 2006

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Trypanosomosis is a major constraint on ruminant livestock production in Africa, Asia, and South America. The principal host species affected varies geographically, but buffalo, cattle, camels, and horses are particularly sensitive. Natural infections with Trypanosoma congolense, T. vivax, T. brucei, and T. evansi have been described in goats. Trypanosomosis in goats produces acute, subacute, chronic, or subclinical forms, being T. vivax, T. congolense, and T. evansi, the most invasive trypanosomes for goats. However, the role of goats in the epidemiology of trypanosomosis is largely discussed and not well understood. Thus, it has commonly been assumed that trypanosomosis presents a subclinical course and that goats do not play an important role in the epidemiology of the disease. This can partially be due to parasitemia caused by trypanosomes which has been considered low in goats. However, this assumption is currently undergoing a critical reappraisal because of goats may also serve as a reservoir of trypanosome infection for other species, including the human beings in the case of T. brucei rhodesiense. The present article describes the current status of trypanosomosis in goats in Africa, Asia, and South America. Pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of the different trypanosomes are also described. The possible role in the epidemiology of the disease in the different areas is also discussed.

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Blood, Lymph, and Immune Systems

Smith

Sherman

2009

Goat Medicine

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The pathology and pathogenesis of Trypanosoma vivax infection in the goat

Cited by 31 publications

References 15 publications

Diseases produced by Trypanosoma vivax in Ruminants, Horses and Rodents

Diseases produced by Trypanosoma vivax in Ruminants, Horses and Rodents

Trypanosomosis in Goats

Blood, Lymph, and Immune Systems

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