The Pathogenesis of Narcolepsy, with a Consideration of Sleep-Paralysis and Localized Sleep

Levin, Max

doi:10.1136/jnnp.s1-14.53.1

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It affirms the idea that of SP in normal individuals which is an alarming situation because of its effects on sleep cycles and general mental health of the individual and among them almost 20% reported to have experienced SP more than 4 times during the past year. This high frequency of sleep paralysis affirms the idea of recurring isolated sleep paralysis as shown by the previous research [13] and this is an alarming situation as the more specific "recurrent isolated sleep paralysis" is widely mistaken as sleep-wake disorder by non-sleep specialists [11].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…With regard to the demographic profile, it has been observed that sleep paralysis is more among females than males. The higher rates of occurrence among females then males seen in current study may be due to the high stress levels in females than in males [13] as this sample is taken from Pakistani population, so the social challenges of females are far more than males leading to their high stress levels and also because a direct relation has been found between sleep paralysis and PSS in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…The events experienced during isolated sleep paralysis are also quite similar in terms of hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations and inability to move which have been reported by 76% of the individuals which is depicted in terms of visual hallucinations by Hinton and colleagues showing that approximately 90% of highly traumatized Cambodian Refugees have visual hallucinations during an episode of SP [13]. With regard to the demographic profile, it has been observed that sleep paralysis is more among females than males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

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Association of Sleep Paralysis with PTSD Symptoms, Pathological Worry and Perceived Stress

Ikhlaq¹

2021

IJOPRS

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In the current study, we inspected the correlation between Sleep Paralysis and anxiety symptoms among undergraduate medical students of Pakistan. It was a questionnaire based cross-sectional study. Pre-tested, pre-designed questionnaires were administered to 100 participants and any association between sleep paralysis and PTSD symptoms, Perceived Stress, or Pathological worry was found. There was a positive correlation between Experience of Sleep Paralysis and PTSD Symptoms (d=0.319 and p=0.001), Pathological Worry and Sleep Paralysis (p=0.005 and d=0.270), and Perceived Stress and Sleep Paralysis (p<0.001 and r=-0.394). Pakistani population particularly medical undergraduates have a high prevalence (52.8%) of frequent experiences of sleep paralysis. Also, the high rate of occurrence among the females than males and higher rates in adolescents are particularly of concern. Statistically significant correlation between sleep paralysis and PTSD symptoms, PSS value, and PSWQ score is found. Efforts should be made to remove the factors responsible for anxiety and distress among masses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

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Association of Sleep Paralysis with PTSD Symptoms, Pathological Worry and Perceived Stress

Ikhlaq¹

2021

IJOPRS

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“…The perceptual and motor aspects of REM sleep, however, can sometimes decouple, and the person will begin to wake up without being able to move or speak as the muscle paralysis or atonia has not yet waned (Paradis et al, 2009). SP can occur as a symptom of narcolepsy, a rare autoimmune sleep disorder (Levin, 1933;Ohayon et al, 2002). But the vast majority of SP episodes are unrelated to sleep pathology (Fukuda et al, 1987; see also, Hufford, 1982;Sharpless & Doghramji, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beliefs about sleep paralysis in Turkey: Karabasan attack

Jalal

Eskici

Acartürk

et al. 2020

Transcult Psychiatry

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The present study examined explanations of sleep paralysis (SP) in Turkey. The participants were 59 college students recruited in İstanbul, Turkey, who had experienced SP at least once in their lifetime. Participants were administered the Sleep Paralysis Experiences and Phenomenology Questionnaire (SP-EPQ) in an interview. When asked whether they had heard of a name for SP, the vast majority (88%) mentioned the “ Karabasan”—a spirit-like creature rooted in Turkish folk tradition. Seventeen percent of the participants believed that their SP might have been caused by this supernatural creature. Thirty-seven percent of participants applied various supernatural and religious methods to prevent future SP attacks such as dua (supplicating to God), reciting the Quran, and wearing a musqa (a type of talisman inscribed with Quranic verses). Case studies are presented to illustrate these findings. The Karabasan constitutes a culturally specific, supernatural interpretation of the phenomenology of SP in Turkey.

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“…Occasionally, however, perceptual activation can take place during REM sleep, such that the person will start to awaken, yet is unable to move or speak (Paradis et al., 2009). SP may occur in the disorder of narcolepsy, a rare debilitating sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (Levin, 1933). But most SP episodes occur outside narcolepsy and are not linked to serious pathology (Hufford, 1982; Sharpless & Doghramji, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep paralysis in Italy: Frequency, hallucinatory experiences, and other features

Jalal

Romanelli

Hinton

2020

Transcult Psychiatry

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Previous research has found supernatural beliefs about sleep paralysis (SP) to be very prevalent in Italy, with over one third of SP sufferers believing that their SP might have been caused by a supernatural creature known locally as the Pandafeche. The current study further examined features of SP in Italy. All participants had experienced SP at least once in their lifetime. Participants were recruited from the general population ( N = 67) in the region of Abruzzo. The Sleep Paralysis Experiences and Phenomenology Questionnaire (SP-EPQ) was orally administered to participants. As hypothesized, we found that Italians from the general population reported high lifetime rates of SP, prolonged duration of immobility during the event, and great fear of the experience (with as many as 42% of SP sufferers fearing that they could die from the experience), all of which were particularly elevated as compared to cultures where there are no such elaborate traditions of SP (e.g., Denmark). In addition, 78% of participants experienced some type of hallucination during their SP. The results we present here suggest that cultural beliefs about SP in Italy (e.g., as being caused by the Pandafeche, as reported elsewhere) potentially can profoundly shape certain aspects of the experience – a type of mind-body interaction.

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The Pathogenesis of Narcolepsy, with a Consideration of Sleep-Paralysis and Localized Sleep

Cited by 19 publications

References 14 publications

Association of Sleep Paralysis with PTSD Symptoms, Pathological Worry and Perceived Stress

Association of Sleep Paralysis with PTSD Symptoms, Pathological Worry and Perceived Stress

Beliefs about sleep paralysis in Turkey: Karabasan attack

Sleep paralysis in Italy: Frequency, hallucinatory experiences, and other features

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