Objective: To assess the knowledge, awareness and attitudes of medical students towards recently discovered coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted on medical students in CMH Lahore Medical College,(LMC), Institute of Dentistry (IOD). A questionnaire containing demographic information, 14 knowledge and eight attitude items was completed by 384 participants. Results: Overall, >90% people were aware about the etiology, mode of transmission and possible symptoms; however, very few of them knew about the in-depth details. Knowledge score revealed that 80% of participants had sufficient knowledge about coronavirus. MBBS students and nursing Students had significantly better knowledge in comparison with other students. In terms of attitude, >80% of students showed positive attitudes among which the nursing students were dominant. Conclusion: The medical students of CMH LMC showed a satisfactory level of awareness and attitudes towards COVID-19 with an obvious difference with regard to disciplines. More educational efforts with periodic educational interventions are still needed about the current pandemic. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2636 How to cite this:Ikhlaq A, Bint-e-Riaz H, Bashir I, Ijaz F. Awareness and Attitude of Undergraduate Medical Students towards 2019-novel Corona virus. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(COVID19-S4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2636 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Obesity has been defined as the excessive deposition of fats on the body. It presents a very significant risk to humanity, with debilitating consequences for healthcare systems worldwide. It has multiple effects on the body, including grave consequences on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Our project explores the latter. There are multiple studies available in the scientific literature that attempt to explain this phenomenon, all with limited success and conflicting results. This cross-sectional exploration of the topic was done on medical undergraduates to pick up on any correlations between peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and the markers of obesity (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and waist to hip ratio (WHR)). In general, we found that male participants had sizably higher PEFR values than females (r=0.540, p<0.01). Appropriate BMI is mandatory for the physiologic functioning of the human body. This work also statistically demonstrates a negative overall correlation between lung health and various parameters of obesity. Our work suggests a positive correlation between WHR and PEFR (r=0.325, p<0.01), BMI and PEFR (r=0.573, p=0.02), along with weight and PEFR (r=0.464, p<0.01). Maintaining a BMI and WHR in the normal range is essential for optimal physiological functioning and physical well-being.

In the current study, we inspected the correlation between Sleep Paralysis and anxiety symptoms among undergraduate medical students of Pakistan. It was a questionnaire based cross-sectional study. Pre-tested, pre-designed questionnaires were administered to 100 participants and any association between sleep paralysis and PTSD symptoms, Perceived Stress, or Pathological worry was found. There was a positive correlation between Experience of Sleep Paralysis and PTSD Symptoms (d=0.319 and p=0.001), Pathological Worry and Sleep Paralysis (p=0.005 and d=0.270), and Perceived Stress and Sleep Paralysis (p<0.001 and r=-0.394). Pakistani population particularly medical undergraduates have a high prevalence (52.8%) of frequent experiences of sleep paralysis. Also, the high rate of occurrence among the females than males and higher rates in adolescents are particularly of concern. Statistically significant correlation between sleep paralysis and PTSD symptoms, PSS value, and PSWQ score is found. Efforts should be made to remove the factors responsible for anxiety and distress among masses.

Background: Sleep paralysis, accompanied by hypnopompic and hypnogagic hallucinations is commonly occurring phenomenon affecting number of individuals and it is found to be usually associated with sleeplessness and poor sleeping habits and quality.Aims: To obtain an association between sleep paralysis and insomnia and sleep quality.Methods: This was a cross sectional examination led on medical undergraduates in a local medical college of Pakistan. A survey containing segment data, a sleep paralysis related questionnaire, a scale for insomnia; Insomnia Severity Index and a scale for sleep quality; Pittsberg Sleep Quality Index was completed by 100 participants.Results: Positive association was found between sleep paralysis and Insomnia and sleep quality with p=-0.11 and d=0.247, p<0.001 and=-0.417 respectively. Medical undergraduates have high prevalence (52.8%) of sleep paralysis. Also, the high rate of occurrence among the females than males and higher rates in adolescents are particularly of concern.Conclusion: There is a positive association between frequency of occurrence of sleep paralysis and insomnia and sleep quality. Better sleep schedules, enhancement of sleep quality with possible eradication of insomnia should be done in order to prevent terrible experience of sleep paralysis.

What is the matter of creation of human? This question has been addressed since long back in the history from ancient Indian and Egyptian civilizations to the Greeks and until the advent of modern sciences. The answers to this question were varying and led to various ideologies about the paternity of the newborn and the role and importance of women in society. More or less the concept was that the human is formed from the male semen and female menstrual blood where semen is the actual matter of formation and the part of the female is just to nourish and nurture; until it is proved by the modern science that both male and female gametes equally take part in the formation of the embryo. However, the Islamic Holy Scripture, the Quran, and the narrations from Islamic prophet (PBUH) and the descriptions of the Islamic scholars stand in opposition to these concepts and have a stunning correlation with the modern scientific descriptions of the embryology.