The pathogenesis of a single challenge dose of<i>Haemonchus contortus</i>in lambs under six months of age

Hunter, A. R.; Mackenzie, Grace

doi:10.1017/s0022149x00034362

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…In the periphery, most cells were CD4+CD5+ and there were some CD8+ cells and a few IgM+ plasma cells. As observed by Hunter & MacKenzie (1982), 2) * IgA+ plasma cells were numerous in the mucosa but were not associated with abomasal follicles (Figure 3e). Abomasal follicles were often near blood vessels and the muscularis mucosae.…”

Section: Immunohistology Of Lymphoid Aggregates I N the Gastric Mucosasupporting

confidence: 58%

“…There were greatly elevated numbers of mast cells and eosinophils in the gastric mucosa of sheep infected repeatedly with H. contortus (Table 3), suggesting that these sheep were immune to H . confortus (Christie et al 1978, Hunter & MacKenzie 1982, Miller et al 1985. Few worms were recovered from any of the challenged sheep, probably due to the phenomenon of self-cure that can occur following massive challenge infections (Christie et al 1978).…”

Section: Lymphocyte Cell Surface Antigens In the Gastric Mucosamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gastric mucosa is a primary site ofcontact with foreign antigens, and in ruminants the abornasal mucosa is exposed both to bacterial and food antigens from the rumen and to infection by gastric nematodes. The effect of infection with the nematode Haemonchus contortus on the abomasal mucosa has been the subject of histopathological studies describing epithelial hyperplasia, lymphocyte infiltration, and increased numbers of mast cells, eosinophils and globule leucocytes (O'Sullivan & Donald 1973, Christie et al 1978, Hunter & MacKenzie 1982, Miller 1984, Salman & Duncan 1984, 1985. The availability of monoclonal antibodies to sheep leucocyte antigens , Maddox, Mackay & Brandon 1985a,b, 1986, Miyasaka et al 1985, Puri, Mackay & Brandon 1985, Lalonde et al 1986, Beh 1988, Puri, Gorrell & Brandon 1987 has made it possible to determine the phenotypes of lymphocytes in the ovine abomasal mucosa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lymphocyte phenotypes in the abomasal mucosa of sheep infected with Haemonchus contortus

Gorrell

Miller

Brandon

1988

Parasite Immunology

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Lymphocyte subpopulations in the abomasal mucosa of worm-free and parasitized sheep were assessed in situ. A preponderance of T-lymphocytes, with approximately equal numbers of cells expressing CD5, CD4 and CD8 antigens, was found. Most of the lymphocytes expressing CD8 lacked CD5. Using a panel of 15 monoclonal antibodies to ovine leucocyte antigens, abomasal lymphoid follicles in the mucosa were shown to resemble lymph node follicles phenotypically. Abomasal epithelial cells contained major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen. Infection or hyperimmunization of pasture-reared sheep with the gastric nematode Haemonchus contortus increased the numbers of mucosal mast cells and eosinophils but did not alter the phenotypic composition or number of mucosal lymphocytes or the pattern of expression of MHC class II antigens.

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Section: Immunohistology Of Lymphoid Aggregates I N the Gastric Mucosasupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Lymphocyte Cell Surface Antigens In the Gastric Mucosamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lymphocyte phenotypes in the abomasal mucosa of sheep infected with Haemonchus contortus

Gorrell

Miller

Brandon

1988

Parasite Immunology

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“…Based on methods described by Roberts and O'Sullivan [16] and Hunter and Mackenzie [17], the female worms were used to obtain the infective third larval stage (L 3 ) of H. contortus worms in a suitable culture. The L 3 were obtained by means of Baerman Wetzal funnel technique and the obtained larvae were counted and their number in the total amount of the solution was calculated using the formula described by Soulsby [18].…”

Section: Genesis Of the Dose Of Infective Larva Of H Contortus Parasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Effect of Balanites Aegyptiaca Fruit’s Ethanol Extract in Egyptian Baladi Goats Experimentally Infected with Haemonchus Contortus: Blood Serum Biochemical, Oxidative Stress Markers and Pathological Studies

et al. 2020

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the native breed of goats that is located in the Nile Delta and along the Nile Valley is known as Baladi goats. Amongst other breeds of goats, the Baladi goats have a great economic value [1] and play an essential role in the economy of small, marginal farmers and landless labourers in Egypt [2]. T HE THERAPEUTIC effect of Balanites aegyptiaca fruit's ethanolic extract (BAF-EE) in goats experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus (H. contortus) was evaluated. Serum biochemical parameters, tissue oxidative stress status and pathological changes were investigated. Twelve goats were divided into 4 equal groups, G1 (infected-untreated), G2 (infected-BAF-EE treated), G3 (infected-albendazole treated) and G4 (uninfected-BAF-EE treated). Infection was conducted at 0-time, whereas treatment with BAF-EE and albendazole was given in the 5 th week post infection (PI). Blood samples were drawn on 0-time, 3 rd week PI and then biweekly till the 9 th week for serum biochemical analyses. At the end of experiment, all animals were slaughtered to estimate oxidative stress markers and histopathological alterations in the abomasal and hepatic tissues. Serum biochemistry of infected animals showed significant depression of total serum proteins, albumin, albumin/ globulin ratio, total antioxidant capacity and calcium levels. The activity of AST, ALT and γGT and the cholesterol, urea and creatinine levels were significantly elevated in the serum of infected animals. Glutathione peroxidase values decreased significantly in tissue homogenate of G1 and G3 goats than those in G2 and G4 goats. Malondialdehyde followed a reverse course. Abomasa of infected animals in G1 revealed inflammation, necrosis, petechial hemorrhages and cellular infiltration. Liver showed bile duct hyperplasia, degeneration of hepatocytes and cell infiltration. Intensity of alterations were lower in infected-treated animals. In conclusion, BAF-EE has hepatoprotective effect and can improve serum biochemical alterations and oxidative stress status in goats infected with H. contortus, justifying its use as a safe natural anthelmintic agent.

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“…Higher numbers of abomasal mucosal eosinophils, mast cells and neutrophils have been observed in infected animals compared to controls. Hunter and MacKenzie (1982) reported a few eosinophils present on the seventh day of H. contortus infection in lambs but no mast cells or globule leukocytes. Eosinophils have been observed in the abomasal mucosa of first time infected lambs with larval stages of parasites and their numbers remained stable later as larvae developed into adults (Shakya et al, 2011).…”

Section: The Role Of Immunoglobulin a (Iga) And Immunoglobulin E (Ige)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune and other factors modulating host resistance against gastrointestinal nematode parasites in sheep

Arsenopoulos

Symeonidou

Papadopoulos

2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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Infection of small ruminants with gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasites is a significant problem with crucial impact on meat and milk production. The strategy of administrating anthelminthic drugs has been implemented for many years and has resulted in the development of resistant strains of parasites. Meanwhile, consumers demand for free of drugs products have led to the adoption of alternative control methods, which involve the selective breeding of animals, which are resistant to parasitism. The development of immunity and therefore, resistance against gastrointestinal parasites is based on the activation of specific host genes. Gene analysis has revealed areas (QTLs), which affect resistance or susceptibility of sheep to gastrointestinal infestations between animals of different breeds and between individuals of the same breed. The role of cytokines and T helper cells has been enhanced as research, strongly, supports the connection of Th2 cells with resistance and Th1 cells with susceptibility against GIN. Latest data implicates T regulatory cells and a specific cell type, Th17, in immune response mechanisms. Specific adhesion molecules (integrins, lectins, cadherins) are produced in the gut lumen in sufficient amounts and appear to boost immunity and reduce clinical signs in sheep. Additionally, the immunoglobulins IgA and IgE have been positively correlated with increased resistance against GIN. In several cases of GIN, where an increased number of eosinophils and mast cells in the intestinal epithelium have been recorded, the animals had a reduced number of parasite eggs in their feces. The genes of the Major Histocompatibility Complex have been referred to as potential resistance or susceptibility markers. Other enzymes, like chitinases, enhance the resilience of animals and protect them effectively. Animal’s nutritional status is another determinant factor of immune capability against GIN in sheep, both systemic, as well as locally. Regarding the effect of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, some researchers support their direct effect against GIN, resulting in a natural reduction of their number, while others claim the indirect action in the intestinal epithelium by reducing local immunity. Consequently, the detection of genes associated with resistance or susceptibility to gastrointestinal infestations is promising and in line with modern requirements.

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The pathogenesis of a single challenge dose ofHaemonchus contortusin lambs under six months of age

Cited by 28 publications

References 13 publications

Lymphocyte phenotypes in the abomasal mucosa of sheep infected with Haemonchus contortus

Lymphocyte phenotypes in the abomasal mucosa of sheep infected with Haemonchus contortus

Therapeutic Effect of Balanites Aegyptiaca Fruit’s Ethanol Extract in Egyptian Baladi Goats Experimentally Infected with Haemonchus Contortus: Blood Serum Biochemical, Oxidative Stress Markers and Pathological Studies

Immune and other factors modulating host resistance against gastrointestinal nematode parasites in sheep

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