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Three-level anterior cervical discectomy with plate fixation has a high rate of fusion, a low complication rate, and acceptable outcome in the treatment of multilevel cervical spondylosis.

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Therapeutic study, level IV (case series). Please see the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Unipedicular (unilateral) extrapedicular kyphoplasty is both a safe and efficacious alternative to the traditional bipedicular kyphoplasty for the treatment of painful osteoporotic VCFs. As a technique, it is faster, less expensive, and involves less radiation exposure for the surgical suite personnel.

Based on patient derived outcome data using a validated instrument, revision discectomy is as efficacious as primary discectomy in selected patients.

The correction of deformity is only feasible with three-column osteotomies, and posterior vertebral column resection (PVCR) is the treatment of choice in extreme kyphosis. The prognosis of the neurologic deficit (late paraplegia) is dependent on the extent of gliosis of the spinal cord.