The Party Abroad: A New Modus Operandi for Political Parties

Abstract

In an era where millions of people live elsewhere than their country of birth and many hold multiple nationalities, the questions of who and how represents these people becomes imperative. The traditional manner of representation is through political parties, yet the form in which parties have historically existed is within state bounds. Throughout time, we have witnessed the transition from cadre to cartel parties and through them the changing role of the political party. This article argues that with the vast expansion of the movement of people around the world, which has been influenced by the enlargement of the European Union, by globalisation, migration and most recently by the refugee crisis, political parties are reshaping their structures both domestically and internationally, and we are witnessing the development of a ‘new modus operandi’ of political parties—the party abroad. The party abroad is viewed as a natural evolvement of the functions of domestic political parties in their response to a changing civil society and changing competitive space. The article provides a theory of the party abroad, it discusses how it relates to previous models of political parties and offers a framework based on which we can study it.

Political Regimes and External Voting Rights: A Cross-National Comparison

“…Beyond the left-right axis of party politics, it seems that nonresident citizens are more prone to vote for green parties as compared to domestic voters (Turcu and Urbatsch, 2020b). Overall, many homeland parties are highly interested in campaigning across borders (Paarlberg, 2017;Burgess, 2020;Jakobson et al, 2020;Kernalegenn and Van Haute, 2020;Rashkova, 2020;Camatarri, 2021;Umpierrez de Reguero and Dandoy, 2021). As effective political competition is a substantial aspect for detecting a mutually exclusive classification between democracy and authoritarianism, we pose a fruitful debate of party politics in Small-N: Unpacking the Political Regime-Emigrant Enfranchisement Relation to answer how and why some political regimes present counterintuitive results on emigrant enfranchisement.…”

Engaging the next generation: authoritarian regimes and their young diaspora

“…Fourthly, harnessing the support of extraterritorial populations has become a priority for regimes for purely domestic political purposes (Brand 2010 ), as diaspora communities can shore up support for and legitimize the domestic political order by casting their votes and/or supporting election campaigns (cf. Umpierrez de Reguero and Jakobson 2023 in this special issue; Rashkova 2020 ; Wellman 2021 ). Lastly, regimes may also seek to utilize their extraterritorial populations as vehicles to advance their foreign policy interests (cf.…”

Yurt Dişi Oylar Ve Si̇yasi̇ Parti̇leri̇n Ulus-Ötesi̇leşmesi̇

“…Partiler, temsili sağlama ve yürütme erkinin meşruiyet zeminini oluşturma bakımından kritik rol üstlenmişlerdir. Partilerin bu bağlamda siyasal sistemin parçası olarak toplumsal kesimleri temsil etmeye ve temsil ettikleri vatandaşların taleplerini ve beklentilerini yürütme erkine aktarıcı bir rol ile ortaya çıkmaları on sekizinci yüzyıla kadar gitmektedir (Rashkova, 2020). Bu süreçte parti formasyonlarının kompleks ve gelişmiş boyuta taşınması ve partilerin dönüşümünde birçok faktör etkin olmuştur.…”